Abstract
Salt stress is one of the principal abiotic stresses limiting agricultural production and seriously inhibiting seed germination rates. This study selected the salt-tolerant rice variety HD961 and the salt-sensitive rice variety 9311 as experimental materials to investigate the physiological and metabolic effects of exogenous Spd seed priming on rice seeds and seedlings under NaCl stress. The experiment involved treating rice seeds with 0.1 mmol·L−1 Spd and then subjecting them to 100 mmol·L−1 NaCl stress for 24 h, with sampling for analysis at the 24 h and the four-leaf-one-heart stage. The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased. However, exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively. Under NaCl stress, the morphological development of rice seedlings was markedly inhibited, whereas exogenous Spd seed priming improved the aboveground and belowground biomass of the rice under stress conditions, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments. It also reduced the damage to seedlings from electrical conductivity, helped maintain ionic balance, and promoted the excretion of Na+ and Cl− and the absorption of K+ and Ca2+. In the salt-sensitive rice variety 9311, the soluble protein content increased by 15.12% compared to the salt-tolerant rice variety HD961, especially under 100 mmol·L−1 NaCl stress, when the effect of exogenous Spd seed priming was more pronounced. In summary, these findings might provide new research perspectives and strategies for improving the salt tolerance of rice under NaCl stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Under NaCl stress, germination and vigor indices of rice significantly decreased.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- germination and vigor indicese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming reduced malondialdehyde accumulation in rice under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- accumulation of malondialdehydee2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- capacity for osmotic adjustmente2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming increased amylase activity in rice by 50.07%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- amylasee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 50.07%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming increased antioxidant activity in rice by 26.26%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 26.26%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NaCl stress, morphological development of rice seedlings was markedly inhibited.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse3
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse3
- Outcome
- morphological development of rice seedlingse3
- Direction
- markedly inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Under NaCl stress, the morphological development of rice seedlings was markedly inhibited, whereas exogenous Spd seed priming improved the aboveground and belowground biomass of the rice under stress conditions, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming improved aboveground and belowground biomass of rice under stress conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge3
- Outcome
- aboveground and belowground biomasse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Setting
- stress conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Under NaCl stress, the morphological development of rice seedlings was markedly inhibited, whereas exogenous Spd seed priming improved the aboveground and belowground biomass of the rice under stress conditions, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming improved the content of photosynthetic pigments in rice under stress conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge3
- Outcome
- content of photosynthetic pigmentse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Setting
- stress conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Under NaCl stress, the morphological development of rice seedlings was markedly inhibited, whereas exogenous Spd seed priming improved the aboveground and belowground biomass of the rice under stress conditions, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming reduced damage to rice seedlings from electrical conductivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- damage to seedlings from electrical conductivitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
e4“It also reduced the damage to seedlings from electrical conductivity, helped maintain ionic balance, and promoted the excretion of Na+ and Cl− and the absorption of K+ and Ca2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming helped maintain ionic balance in rice under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- ionic balancee4
- Direction
- helped maintaine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
e4“It also reduced the damage to seedlings from electrical conductivity, helped maintain ionic balance, and promoted the excretion of Na+ and Cl− and the absorption of K+ and Ca2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming promoted excretion of Na+ and Cl− in rice under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- excretion of Na+ and Cl−e4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
e4“It also reduced the damage to seedlings from electrical conductivity, helped maintain ionic balance, and promoted the excretion of Na+ and Cl− and the absorption of K+ and Ca2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd seed priming promoted absorption of K+ and Ca2+ in rice under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spd seed priminge2
- Outcome
- absorption of K+ and Ca2+e4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that under NaCl stress, the rice’s germination and vigor indices significantly decreased”
e2“exogenous Spd seed priming reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, enhanced the capacity for osmotic adjustment, and increased the amylase and antioxidant activity by 50.07% and 26.26%, respectively”
e4“It also reduced the damage to seedlings from electrical conductivity, helped maintain ionic balance, and promoted the excretion of Na+ and Cl− and the absorption of K+ and Ca2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein content was 15.12% higher in the salt-sensitive rice variety 9311 than in the salt-tolerant variety HD961.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Material
- salt-sensitive rice variety 9311e5
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 15.12%e5
- Comparator
- salt-tolerant rice variety HD961e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In the salt-sensitive rice variety 9311, the soluble protein content increased by 15.12% compared to the salt-tolerant rice variety HD961, especially under 100 mmol·L−1 NaCl stress, when the effect of exogenous Spd seed priming was more pronounced”
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See all 18 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.