Abstract
To comprehensively investigate the impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the growth, development and reproduction of the meadow moth Loxostege sticticalis when fed on pea plants (Pisum sativum), in this experiment, we simulated the two CO2 conditions: ambient CO2 (i.e., 400 μL/L designated as aCO2) and elevated CO2 (i.e., 800 μL/L designated as eCO2) by using light-CO2 climate chambers. Subsequently, the changes in several key nutrients and defensive compounds present in pea seedlings were assessed. Moreover, we assessed the growth, development, reproduction and changes in the nutritional components and enzyme activities of L. sticticalis as they fed on pea seedlings grown under aCO2 and eCO2. The results showed that the CO2 level significantly affected the measured indexes of pea seedlings and L. sticticalis. Host pea seedlings grown under eCO2 exhibited significant increases in soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and total amino acid (TAA) contents by 42.52%, 77.06% and 62.50%, respectively, relative to those grown under aCO2. In addition, total phenol (TP), ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents grown under eCO2 increased significantly by 20.60%, 71.72% and 36.22%, respectively, under eCO2 compared to aCO2. Furthermore, the duration of egg, larva and pupa of L. sticticalis was significantly shortened by 16.63%, 10.66% and 10.12%, respectively, while the adult longevity was significantly prolonged by 19.07% after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2. Furthermore, for L. sticticalis, the content of SS, SP, TAA and free fatty acid was significantly increased, by 60.02%, 77.06%, 91.67% and 27.19%, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme activity of CAT, POD, CarE and GST was also enhanced by 56.70%, 63.89%, 128.08% and 93.45%, respectively, as they fed on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2. The findings of our study revealed that eCO2 not only improved the nutritional quality but also altered the defensive compounds in the seedlings, which in turn affected the growth, development, reproduction and changes in the physiology of L. sticticalis.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pea seedling soluble sugar (SS) content by 42.52%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlings
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar (SS)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 42.52%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host pea seedlings grown under eCO2 exhibited significant increases in soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and total amino acid (TAA) contents by 42.52%, 77.06% and 62.50%, respectively, relative to those grown under aCO2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pea seedling soluble protein (SP) content by 77.06%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- soluble protein (SP)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 77.06%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host pea seedlings grown under eCO2 exhibited significant increases in soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and total amino acid (TAA) contents by 42.52%, 77.06% and 62.50%, respectively, relative to those grown under aCO2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pea seedling total amino acid (TAA) content by 62.50%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- total amino acid (TAA)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 62.50%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host pea seedlings grown under eCO2 exhibited significant increases in soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and total amino acid (TAA) contents by 42.52%, 77.06% and 62.50%, respectively, relative to those grown under aCO2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pea seedling total phenol (TP) content by 20.60%.
- Taxon
- Pea SeedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- total phenol (TP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.60%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenol (TP), ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents grown under eCO2 increased significantly by 20.60%, 71.72% and 36.22%, respectively, under eCO2 compared to aCO2”
t0“Pea Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pea seedling ethylene (ET) content by 71.72%.
- Taxon
- Pea SeedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- ethylene (ET)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 71.72%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenol (TP), ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents grown under eCO2 increased significantly by 20.60%, 71.72% and 36.22%, respectively, under eCO2 compared to aCO2”
t0“Pea Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pea seedling jasmonic acid (JA) content by 36.22%.
- Taxon
- Pea SeedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36.22%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenol (TP), ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents grown under eCO2 increased significantly by 20.60%, 71.72% and 36.22%, respectively, under eCO2 compared to aCO2”
t0“Pea Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea seedlings shortened meadow moth duration of egg by 16.63%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- L. sticticalis
Loxostege sticticalise0pest - Outcome
- duration of egge0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 16.63%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the duration of egg, larva and pupa of L. sticticalis was significantly shortened by 16.63%, 10.66% and 10.12%, respectively, while the adult longevity was significantly prolonged by 19.07% after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea seedlings shortened meadow moth larva by 10.66%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- larvae0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 10.66%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the duration of egg, larva and pupa of L. sticticalis was significantly shortened by 16.63%, 10.66% and 10.12%, respectively, while the adult longevity was significantly prolonged by 19.07% after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea seedlings shortened meadow moth pupa by 10.12%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- pupae0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 10.12%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the duration of egg, larva and pupa of L. sticticalis was significantly shortened by 16.63%, 10.66% and 10.12%, respectively, while the adult longevity was significantly prolonged by 19.07% after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea seedlings prolonged adult meadow moth longevity by 19.07%.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- adult longevitye0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 19.07%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the duration of egg, larva and pupa of L. sticticalis was significantly shortened by 16.63%, 10.66% and 10.12%, respectively, while the adult longevity was significantly prolonged by 19.07% after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth SS content increased by 60.02% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e1
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- SSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60.02%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for L. sticticalis, the content of SS, SP, TAA and free fatty acid was significantly increased, by 60.02%, 77.06%, 91.67% and 27.19%, respectively”
e1“after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth SP content increased by 77.06% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e1
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- SPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 77.06%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for L. sticticalis, the content of SS, SP, TAA and free fatty acid was significantly increased, by 60.02%, 77.06%, 91.67% and 27.19%, respectively”
e1“after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth TAA content increased by 91.67% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e1
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- TAAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 91.67%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for L. sticticalis, the content of SS, SP, TAA and free fatty acid was significantly increased, by 60.02%, 77.06%, 91.67% and 27.19%, respectively”
e1“after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth free fatty acid content increased by 27.19% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e1
- Interactor
- L. sticticalisLoxostege sticticalise0pest
- Outcome
- free fatty acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.19%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for L. sticticalis, the content of SS, SP, TAA and free fatty acid was significantly increased, by 60.02%, 77.06%, 91.67% and 27.19%, respectively”
e1“after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth CAT activity rose by 56.70% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- Loxostege sticticalisLoxostege sticticalist0pest
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 56.70%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enzyme activity of CAT, POD, CarE and GST was also enhanced by 56.70%, 63.89%, 128.08% and 93.45%, respectively, as they fed on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
t0“Meadow Moth Loxostege sticticalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth POD activity rose by 63.89% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- Loxostege sticticalisLoxostege sticticalist0pest
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 63.89%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enzyme activity of CAT, POD, CarE and GST was also enhanced by 56.70%, 63.89%, 128.08% and 93.45%, respectively, as they fed on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
t0“Meadow Moth Loxostege sticticalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth CarE activity rose by 128.08% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- Loxostege sticticalisLoxostege sticticalist0pest
- Gene
- CarEe0
- Outcome
- CarEe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 128.08%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enzyme activity of CAT, POD, CarE and GST was also enhanced by 56.70%, 63.89%, 128.08% and 93.45%, respectively, as they fed on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
t0“Meadow Moth Loxostege sticticalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Meadow moth GST activity rose by 93.45% after feeding on elevated CO2-grown pea.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- pea seedlings grown under eCO2e0
- Interactor
- Loxostege sticticalisLoxostege sticticalist0pest
- Gene
- GSTe0
- Outcome
- GSTe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 93.45%e0
- Comparator
- aCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enzyme activity of CAT, POD, CarE and GST was also enhanced by 56.70%, 63.89%, 128.08% and 93.45%, respectively, as they fed on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2”
t0“Meadow Moth Loxostege sticticalis”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · molecular: metabolites · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →co2 · physiology: osmolytes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.