Abstract
Abstract Plants are often exposed to fluctuating light from a few seconds to a few minutes due to cloud movements, mutual shading of leaves, and change in the angle of the sun. Slow stomatal response to fluctuating light leads to carbon loss, but the influence of planting density on light fluctuation frequency and on stomatal response and carbon gain has yet to be fully explored. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated leaf morphology, stomatal anatomy and response rate, nitrogen content, biomass, and yield under low density, moderate density, and high density (HD) of cotton cultivar ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). The results showed that higher planting density significantly increased light fluctuation frequency at the lower canopy. Stomatal size significantly decreased with the increase in planting density, while total stomatal density was consistent. Stomatal density had greater plasticity of determining maximum stomatal conductance than stomatal size. Faster stomatal response rate to fluctuating light under HD was attributed to smaller and denser stomata in the abaxial leaf side. Therefore, cotton under HD treatment had faster photosynthetic induction rate under light induction, resulting in greater carbon gain. We conclude that faster stomatal response rate achieved by the optimization of stomatal anatomy, especially the abaxial side, plays a crucial role in obtaining more carbon gain, biomass, and yield under HD cotton field. This finding indicates that selecting varieties with rapid stomatal response traits and planting at appropriate densities may optimize fluctuating light use to achieve higher yields.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Higher density increased light fluctuation frequency in the lower canopy.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Organ / stage
- lower canopye0
- Treatment
- higher planting densitye0
- Outcome
- light fluctuation frequencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher planting density significantly increased light fluctuation frequency at the lower canopy.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal size decreased with increasing planting density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increase in planting densitye0
- Outcome
- Stomatal sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal size significantly decreased with the increase in planting density”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Total stomatal density stayed consistent across planting densities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- planting densitye0
- Outcome
- total stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- consistente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal size significantly decreased with the increase in planting density, while total stomatal density was consistent.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal density had greater plasticity in determining maximum conductance than size.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- Stomatal densitye0
- Outcome
- maximum stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- stomatal sizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal density had greater plasticity of determining maximum stomatal conductance than stomatal size.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High density accelerated stomatal response under fluctuating light.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- abaxial leaf sidee0
- Treatment
- HDe0
- Outcome
- stomatal response ratee0
- Direction
- Fastere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faster stomatal response rate to fluctuating light under HD was attributed to smaller and denser stomata in the abaxial leaf side.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed faster stomatal response to smaller and denser abaxial stomata.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- abaxial leaf sidee0
- Outcome
- Faster stomatal response ratee0
- Qualifier
- smaller and denser stomatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faster stomatal response rate to fluctuating light under HD was attributed to smaller and denser stomata in the abaxial leaf side.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High density accelerated photosynthetic induction under light induction.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- HD treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic induction ratee0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- under light inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton under HD treatment had faster photosynthetic induction rate under light induction”
Claim · model-written summary
High density increased carbon gain.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- HDe0
- Outcome
- carbon gaine0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton under HD treatment had faster photosynthetic induction rate under light induction, resulting in greater carbon gain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors linked fast stomatal response under high density to more biomass and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- HDe0
- Outcome
- biomass, and yielde0
- Qualifier
- faster stomatal response rate achieved by the optimization of stomatal anatomye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“faster stomatal response rate achieved by the optimization of stomatal anatomy, especially the abaxial side, plays a crucial role in obtaining more carbon gain, biomass, and yield under HD cotton field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend rapid-response varieties and appropriate densities to improve yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- selecting varieties with rapid stomatal response traits and planting at appropriate densitiese0
- Qualifier
- may optimize fluctuating light use to achieve higher yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selecting varieties with rapid stomatal response traits and planting at appropriate densities may optimize fluctuating light use to achieve higher yields.”
t0“cotton”
The same questions in other papers
density · physiology: gas exchange · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.