Abstract
A significant amount of herbicide is applied in agricultural ecosystems to control weeds, which can pose risks to these environments. The encapsulated pyrazosulfuron ethyl and pretilachlor with zeolite, polycaprolactone and watersoluble polymer had impacts on weed control and productivity of rice and minimized the herbicidal hazard to the environmental impact. Weed control treatments showed a significant and inverse relationship with weed density, weed biomass and increased growth, yield attributes and yield of rice. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite reduced weed density by 56.26 % in 2022 and 53.91 % in 2023 at 45 DAS and the weed biomass was 2.10 times lower in 2022 and 2.85 times lower in 2023 than pretilachlor, which positively influenced the growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yield (5333 kg ha-1 and 6107 kg ha-1 in 2022 and 5123 kg ha-1 and 5803 kg ha-1 in 2023). It was on par with pyrazosulfuron ethyl encapsulated with polycaprolactone. Herbicide activity assay also resulted in better rice growth. Thus, the study showed that the encapsulated herbicides have a significant impact on weed control, growth and productivity of rice in a sustainable manner.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments were inversely related to weed density and biomass.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- Weed control treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed density, weed biomasse0
- Direction
- inversee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control treatments showed a significant and inverse relationship with weed density, weed biomass”
e1“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments increased rice growth, yield attributes and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Weed control treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth, yield attributes and yield of ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control treatments showed a significant and inverse relationship with weed density, weed biomass and increased growth, yield attributes and yield of rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite entrapped pyrazosulfuron ethyl reduced weed density by 56.26% in 2022.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56.26 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite reduced weed density by 56.26 % in 2022”
e1“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite entrapped pyrazosulfuron ethyl reduced weed density by 53.91% in 2023.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53.91 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite reduced weed density by 56.26 % in 2022 and 53.91 % in 2023”
e1“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass under zeolite entrapped pyrazosulfuron ethyl was 2.10 times lower than pretilachlor in 2022.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.10 timese0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
- Comparator
- pretilachlore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the weed biomass was 2.10 times lower in 2022 and 2.85 times lower in 2023 than pretilachlor”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was 2.85 times lower than pretilachlor in 2023.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.85 timese0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
- Comparator
- pretilachlore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the weed biomass was 2.10 times lower in 2022 and 2.85 times lower in 2023 than pretilachlor”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced grain yield of 5333 kg ha-1 in 2022.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- graine0
- Value
- 5333 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain and straw yield (5333 kg ha-1 and 6107 kg ha-1 in 2022 and 5123 kg ha-1 and 5803 kg ha-1 in 2023)”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced straw yield of 6107 kg ha-1 in 2022.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Value
- 6107 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain and straw yield (5333 kg ha-1 and 6107 kg ha-1 in 2022 and 5123 kg ha-1 and 5803 kg ha-1 in 2023)”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced grain yield of 5123 kg ha-1 in 2023.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- graine0
- Value
- 5123 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain and straw yield (5333 kg ha-1 and 6107 kg ha-1 in 2022 and 5123 kg ha-1 and 5803 kg ha-1 in 2023)”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced straw yield of 5803 kg ha-1 in 2023.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Value
- 5803 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain and straw yield (5333 kg ha-1 and 6107 kg ha-1 in 2022 and 5123 kg ha-1 and 5803 kg ha-1 in 2023)”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite encapsulation performed on par with polycaprolactone encapsulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolitee1
- Outcome
- on pare0
- Comparator
- pyrazosulfuron ethyl encapsulated with polycaprolactonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was on par with pyrazosulfuron ethyl encapsulated with polycaprolactone.”
e1“Pyrazosulfuron ethyl entrapped zeolite”
e2“yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide activity assay found better rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide activity assay also resulted in better rice growth.”
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