Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the changes of weed occurrence and growth and yield of transplanted rice when re-cultivated soils from 5 year-fallow paddy field (Fallow soil), comparing with soils from the annually-cultivated field (Cultivated soil). Early growth characteristics of rice plant including plant height, number of tiller, plant dry weight, and SPAD value in the greenhouse experiment were greatly increased by re-cultivation in the fallow field compared to cultivated field. Late growth and yield components such as culm length, spike number per hill, and number of panicle per plant, number of spikelet per hill significantly were higher in fallow soil than in cultivated soil. Grain yield of rice was increased up to 6-7% in the fallow field over the cultivated field (4.59 ton/ha), ranging from 4.86 to 4.90 ton/ha. When nitrogen fertilizers at 70 and 110 kg/ha (standard rate) were applied, no difference in rice yield was observed, indicating fallow field required less amount of nitrogen fertilizers. Weed species emerged in fallow soils were 14 annuals and 4 perennials and in cultivated soil 6 annuals and 3 perennials, indicating various species occurred in the fallow field. Number of individuals and biomass of weeds occurred in fallow soils were 766 plants and 246.5 g dry weight per , and were 9.5 and 1.4 folds in occurrence and dry weight, respectively, compared to the cultivated soils. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus mefenacet (0.07+3.5 GR) applied with recommended rates 10 days after transplanting provided poor weed control (averaged by 84%) in the fallow soil, specially an annual weed Persicaria hydropiper and a perennial weed Leersia japonica were not controlled at all. However, except for Eleocharis kuroguwai most of weeds occurred in the cultivated soil was completely controlled by the herbicide application. The results suggest that reasonable means for weed management system and stable crop yield maintenance in fallow fields should be developed
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rice early growth traits increased in fallow field soil relative to cultivated soil.
- Taxon
- rice plant
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- re-cultivation in the fallow fielde0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of tiller, plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- cultivated fielde0
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early growth characteristics of rice plant including plant height, number of tiller, plant dry weight, and SPAD value in the greenhouse experiment were greatly increased by re-cultivation in the fallow field compared to cultivated field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice SPAD value increased in fallow field soil.
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- re-cultivation in the fallow fielde0
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- cultivated fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early growth characteristics of rice plant including plant height, number of tiller, plant dry weight, and SPAD value in the greenhouse experiment were greatly increased by re-cultivation in the fallow field compared to cultivated field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late rice growth and yield components were significantly higher in fallow soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fallow soile0
- Outcome
- culm length, spike number per hill, and number of panicle per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cultivated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late growth and yield components such as culm length, spike number per hill, and number of panicle per plant, number of spikelet per hill significantly were higher in fallow soil than in cultivated soil.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice spikelets per hill were significantly higher in fallow soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fallow soile0
- Outcome
- number of spikelet per hille0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cultivated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late growth and yield components such as culm length, spike number per hill, and number of panicle per plant, number of spikelet per hill significantly were higher in fallow soil than in cultivated soil.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield rose 6–7% in the fallow field, reaching 4.86 to 4.90 ton/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- fallow fielde0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6-7%e0
- Qualifier
- 4.59 ton/hae0
- Comparator
- cultivated fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield of rice was increased up to 6-7% in the fallow field over the cultivated field (4.59 ton/ha), ranging from 4.86 to 4.90 ton/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield did not differ between 70 and 110 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 70e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 110 kg/hae0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When nitrogen fertilizers at 70 and 110 kg/ha (standard rate) were applied, no difference in rice yield was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow soil had 14 annual and four perennial weed species versus six and three in cultivated soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Weed species emergede0
- Value
- 14 annuals and 4 perennialse0
- Comparator
- cultivated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed species emerged in fallow soils were 14 annuals and 4 perennials and in cultivated soil 6 annuals and 3 perennials, indicating various species occurred in the fallow field.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow soils had 9.5 times more weed individuals than cultivated soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Number of individualse0
- Value
- 9.5e0
- Comparator
- cultivated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of individuals and biomass of weeds occurred in fallow soils were 766 plants and 246.5 g dry weight per , and were 9.5 and 1.4 folds in occurrence and dry weight, respectively, compared to the cultivated soils.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow soils had 1.4 times the weed dry biomass of cultivated soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- biomass of weedse0
- Value
- 1.4 foldse0
- Comparator
- cultivated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of individuals and biomass of weeds occurred in fallow soils were 766 plants and 246.5 g dry weight per , and were 9.5 and 1.4 folds in occurrence and dry weight, respectively, compared to the cultivated soils.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide mixture gave poor weed control in fallow soil, averaging 84%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus mefenacet (0.07+3.5 GR)e0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- poore0
- Value
- 84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus mefenacet (0.07+3.5 GR) applied with recommended rates 10 days after transplanting provided poor weed control (averaged by 84%) in the fallow soil”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
Persicaria hydropiper and Leersia japonica were not controlled by the herbicide in fallow soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Persicaria hydropiper
Persicaria hydropipere0weed - Outcome
- not controlled at alle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specially an annual weed Persicaria hydropiper and a perennial weed Leersia japonica were not controlled at all.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
Most weeds in cultivated soil were completely controlled except Eleocharis kuroguwai.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Eleocharis kuroguwai
Eleocharis kuroguwaie0weed - Outcome
- most of weeds occurred in the cultivated soil was completely controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for Eleocharis kuroguwai most of weeds occurred in the cultivated soil was completely controlled by the herbicide application.”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for weed management to maintain stable crop yield in recultivated fallow fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- stable crop yield maintenancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reasonable means for weed management system and stable crop yield maintenance in fallow fields should be developed”
t0“Weed Occurrence and Growth and Yield of Rice Influenced by Re-cultivation of Fallow Paddy Field”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.