Abstract
Low nutrient and organic matter (OM) contents in reclaimed agricultural soils can hinder crop growth, making it essential to improve the chemical characteristics of reclaimed agricultural soil to maintain crop productivity.Poultry manure (PM) can effectively supply nutrient content by its high nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, while leads to environmental issues, including odor and greenhouse gas emissions, by improper pre-treatment.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PM-based biochar containing the varying rate of rice husk on soil improvement in reclaimed agricultural land.Soil samples were collected from the Saemangeum reclaimed land, and biochars were produced using PM as the primary ingreidient, with different proportions (i.e., 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100%) of rice husk.All biochar samples were pyrolyzed at 350 for 1 h.Chemical characteristics of biochar showed that increasing the proportion of rice husk decreased the pH electrical conductivity, and nutrient (N, K 2 O, CaO, and MgO) contents, while carbon and OM contents increased.Regarding soil improvement, the nutrient and OM contents significantly increased when biochar was applied at a rate of 5.0 Mgha -1 or more.Lettuce yield increased as the biochar application rate increased and the rice husk ratio in the PM-based biochar decreased, with the highest yield (33.52 Mgha -1 ) observed in reclaimed soil treated with 10.0 Mgha -1 of PM-based biochar without rice husk.Therefore, to improve soil nutrient content, minimizing the rice husk proportion in the PMbased biochar was most effective, while OM improvement was enhanced with increasing rice husk ratios.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce yield rose with increasing biochar application rate.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- biochar application ratee0
- Outcome
- Lettuce yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce yield increased as the biochar application rate increased and the rice husk ratio in the PM-based biochar decreased, with the highest yield (33.52 Mgha -1 ) observed in reclaimed soil treated with 10.0 Mgha -1 of PM-based biochar without rice husk.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce yield rose as the rice husk proportion fell.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- rice husk ratio in the PM-based biochare0
- Outcome
- Lettuce yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce yield increased as the biochar application rate increased and the rice husk ratio in the PM-based biochar decreased, with the highest yield (33.52 Mgha -1 ) observed in reclaimed soil treated with 10.0 Mgha -1 of PM-based biochar without rice husk.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar without rice husk at 10.0 Mgha -1 produced the highest lettuce yield.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 10.0 Mgha -1 of PM-based biochar without rice huske0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 33.52 Mgha -1e0
- Setting
- reclaimed soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce yield increased as the biochar application rate increased and the rice husk ratio in the PM-based biochar decreased, with the highest yield (33.52 Mgha -1 ) observed in reclaimed soil treated with 10.0 Mgha -1 of PM-based biochar without rice husk.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil or biochar nutrient and OM contents increased.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“the nutrient and OM contents significantly increased when biochar was applied at a rate of 5.0 Mgha -1 or more.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil or biochar pH electrical conductivity, and nutrient (N, K 2 O, CaO, and MgO) contents decreased.
- Outcome
- pH electrical conductivity, and nutrient (N, K 2 O, CaO, and MgO) contentse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e2“increasing the proportion of rice husk decreased the pH electrical conductivity, and nutrient (N, K 2 O, CaO, and MgO) contents, while carbon and OM contents increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil or biochar carbon and OM contents increased.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e2“increasing the proportion of rice husk decreased the pH electrical conductivity, and nutrient (N, K 2 O, CaO, and MgO) contents, while carbon and OM contents increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low rice husk proportions were most effective for nutrient improvement.
- Outcome
- minimizing the rice husk proportione3
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“minimizing the rice husk proportion in the PMbased biochar was most effective, while OM improvement was enhanced with increasing rice husk ratios.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher rice husk proportions enhanced soil organic matter improvement.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“minimizing the rice husk proportion in the PMbased biochar was most effective, while OM improvement was enhanced with increasing rice husk ratios.”
The same questions in other papers
Oryza sativa · yield · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →biochar · yield · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
16 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.