Abstract
To estimate the drought tolerance of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., which is propagated through tissue culture, we conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of this species under various levels of drought stress (10%, 20%, and 40% polyethylene glycol (PEG)). The results showed that leaf morphology (leaf length, area, thickness, aspect), actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), absolute water content (AWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as Fv/ Fm and maximum quantum yield (QY) and fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), were affected in L. ruthenicum transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditions. In plants treated with 10% PEG, the leaf length and leaf area are increased. Also, the leaf thickness, water exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also remained comparable to those of control plants, indicating that L. ruthenicum treated with 10% PEG maintained normal physiological activity. Plants treated with 20% and 40% PEG exhibited a reduction of the leaf length and leaf area. In L. ruthenicum treated with 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.61±0.04 and 1.61±0.25, respectively, resulting in reduced photosynthetic activity, although plant survival remained viable. Conversely, in L. ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.33±0.05 and 0.49±0.12, respectively, causing in a significant reduction in photosynthesis and plant survival. Even after normal watering, L. ruthenicum demonstrated an inability to recover from 40% PEG treatment, indicating that it cannot tolerate this level of drought stress.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Under 10% PEG, leaf length and leaf area of Lycium ruthenicum increased.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicum
Lycium ruthenicumt0 - Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- 10% PEGe1
- Outcome
- leaf length and leaf areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e1“In plants treated with 10% PEG, the leaf length and leaf area are increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 10% PEG, leaf thickness, water exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Lycium ruthenicum remained comparable to control plants.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 10% PEGe1
- Outcome
- leaf thickness, water exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse2
- Direction
- remained comparablee2
- Comparator
- control plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e1“In plants treated with 10% PEG, the leaf length and leaf area are increased”
e2“the leaf thickness, water exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also remained comparable to those of control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 20% PEG, leaf length and leaf area of Lycium ruthenicum were reduced.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 20% PEGe3
- Outcome
- leaf length and leaf areae4
- Direction
- reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e3“In L. ruthenicum treated with 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.61±0.04 and 1.61±0.25, respectively, resulting in reduced photosynthetic activity, although plant survival remained viable”
e4“Plants treated with 20% and 40% PEG exhibited a reduction of the leaf length and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 40% PEG, leaf length and leaf area of Lycium ruthenicum were reduced.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 40% PEGe5
- Outcome
- leaf length and leaf areae4
- Direction
- reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e4“Plants treated with 20% and 40% PEG exhibited a reduction of the leaf length and leaf area”
e5“in L. ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.33±0.05 and 0.49±0.12, respectively, causing in a significant reduction in photosynthesis and plant survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 0.61±0.04.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 20% PEGe3
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 0.61±0.04e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e3“In L. ruthenicum treated with 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.61±0.04 and 1.61±0.25, respectively, resulting in reduced photosynthetic activity, although plant survival remained viable”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 20% PEG, the Rfd of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 1.61±0.25.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 20% PEGe3
- Outcome
- Rfde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 1.61±0.25e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e3“In L. ruthenicum treated with 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.61±0.04 and 1.61±0.25, respectively, resulting in reduced photosynthetic activity, although plant survival remained viable”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 20% PEG, photosynthetic activity of Lycium ruthenicum was reduced.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 20% PEGe3
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e3“In L. ruthenicum treated with 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.61±0.04 and 1.61±0.25, respectively, resulting in reduced photosynthetic activity, although plant survival remained viable”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 20% PEG, plant survival of Lycium ruthenicum remained viable.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 20% PEGe3
- Outcome
- plant survival remained viablee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e3“In L. ruthenicum treated with 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.61±0.04 and 1.61±0.25, respectively, resulting in reduced photosynthetic activity, although plant survival remained viable”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 0.33±0.05.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 40% PEGe5
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 0.33±0.05e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e5“in L. ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.33±0.05 and 0.49±0.12, respectively, causing in a significant reduction in photosynthesis and plant survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 40% PEG, the Rfd of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 0.49±0.12.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 40% PEGe5
- Outcome
- Rfde5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 0.49±0.12e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e5“in L. ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.33±0.05 and 0.49±0.12, respectively, causing in a significant reduction in photosynthesis and plant survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 40% PEG, photosynthesis and plant survival of Lycium ruthenicum were significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 40% PEGe5
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and plant survivale5
- Direction
- reductione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e5“in L. ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm and Rfd values decreased to 0.33±0.05 and 0.49±0.12, respectively, causing in a significant reduction in photosynthesis and plant survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Lycium ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG could not recover after normal watering.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Treatment
- 40% PEGe6
- Outcome
- inability to recovere6
- Qualifier
- Even after normal wateringe6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e6“Even after normal watering, L. ruthenicum demonstrated an inability to recover from 40% PEG treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf morphology of Lycium ruthenicum was affected by transplanting from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe7
- Outcome
- leaf morphologye7
- Qualifier
- transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e7“leaf morphology (leaf length, area, thickness, aspect), actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), absolute water content (AWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as Fv/ Fm and maximum quantum yield (QY) and fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), were affected in L. ruthenicum transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Actual water content, water deficit and relative water content of Lycium ruthenicum were affected by transplanting from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Outcome
- actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC)e0
- Qualifier
- transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e7“leaf morphology (leaf length, area, thickness, aspect), actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), absolute water content (AWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as Fv/ Fm and maximum quantum yield (QY) and fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), were affected in L. ruthenicum transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditions”
e0“actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Lycium ruthenicum were affected by transplanting from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.
- Taxon
- Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse7
- Qualifier
- transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lycium ruthenicum”
e7“leaf morphology (leaf length, area, thickness, aspect), actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), absolute water content (AWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as Fv/ Fm and maximum quantum yield (QY) and fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), were affected in L. ruthenicum transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditions”