Abstract
Soil contamination linked to anthropogenic activities has become a serious environmental problem on a global scale. It is caused by heavy metals, such as lead (Pb). Dopamine (DOP) is a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter. It is found in plant organs and induces tolerance against abiotic stresses, including contamination. 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) stimulates metabolism, positively impacting flowering and production. This research aimed to evaluate whether EBR and DOP, applied alone or combined, can mitigate the impacts caused by Pb on roots and leaves by measuring root and leaf structures and stomatal behavior. For roots, both plant growth regulators maximized the epidermis, with increases in treatments Pb2+ − DOP + EBR (45%), Pb2+ + DOP − EBR (24%), and Pb2+ + DOP + EBR (36%), when compared with equal treatment without Pb2+. To leaves, the tested molecules improved the leaf structures, significantly increasing palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Parallelly, stomatal performance was boosted after treatments with EBR and DOP, confirmed by increments in stomatal density. Our study proved that EBR and DOP, alone or combined, mitigated the damages to leaves and roots exposed to Pb stress, but better results were found when EBR was applied alone.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
DOP plus EBR without lead increased root epidermis by 45% against the corresponding non-lead treatment.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Pb2+ − DOP + EBRe0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- equal treatment without Pb2+e0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb2+ − DOP + EBR (45%), Pb2+ + DOP − EBR (24%), and Pb2+ + DOP + EBR (36%), when compared with equal treatment without Pb2+.”
t0“Dopamine and 24-Epibrassinolide Upregulate Root Resilience, Mitigating Lead Stress on Leaf Tissue and Stomatal Performance in Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DOP with lead increased root epidermis by 24% versus the corresponding treatment without lead.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pb2+ + DOP − EBRe0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- equal treatment without Pb2+e0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb2+ − DOP + EBR (45%), Pb2+ + DOP − EBR (24%), and Pb2+ + DOP + EBR (36%), when compared with equal treatment without Pb2+.”
t0“Dopamine and 24-Epibrassinolide Upregulate Root Resilience, Mitigating Lead Stress on Leaf Tissue and Stomatal Performance in Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DOP plus EBR with lead increased root epidermis by 36% versus the corresponding treatment without lead.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pb2+ + DOP + EBRe0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- equal treatment without Pb2+e0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb2+ − DOP + EBR (45%), Pb2+ + DOP − EBR (24%), and Pb2+ + DOP + EBR (36%), when compared with equal treatment without Pb2+.”
t0“Dopamine and 24-Epibrassinolide Upregulate Root Resilience, Mitigating Lead Stress on Leaf Tissue and Stomatal Performance in Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested molecules significantly increased palisade and spongy parenchyma.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- tested moleculese0
- Outcome
- palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchymae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tested molecules improved the leaf structures, significantly increasing palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma.”
t0“Dopamine and 24-Epibrassinolide Upregulate Root Resilience, Mitigating Lead Stress on Leaf Tissue and Stomatal Performance in Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EBR and DOP increased stomatal density.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EBR and DOPe0
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- incrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal performance was boosted after treatments with EBR and DOP, confirmed by increments in stomatal density.”
t0“Dopamine and 24-Epibrassinolide Upregulate Root Resilience, Mitigating Lead Stress on Leaf Tissue and Stomatal Performance in Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EBR alone gave the best mitigation of lead damage to tomato leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EBRe0
- Outcome
- damages to leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- better resultse0
- Comparator
- DOP, alone or combinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EBR and DOP, alone or combined, mitigated the damages to leaves and roots exposed to Pb stress, but better results were found when EBR was applied alone.”
t0“Dopamine and 24-Epibrassinolide Upregulate Root Resilience, Mitigating Lead Stress on Leaf Tissue and Stomatal Performance in Tomato Plants”
The same questions in other papers
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: gas exchange · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.