Abstract
In this study, we present the results of the impact of abiotic environmental (chemical) stressors in the soil environment (salinity, acidification, inorganic elements from industry—red mud waste containing Al) on the content and fluorescence of chlorophyll in the assimilating tissues of Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor. Under controlled conditions of a pot experiment during the 2023 growing season, we applied graded doses of these stressors (salinity—doses of 20, 30, and 60 g NaCl per 2 dm3 of water used for plant irrigation; acidity—pH 6, pH 5, and pH 4; red mud—200 g, 400 g, and 600 g per pot) and assessed their impact on the effective and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), yield Y(II), or the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence—the Fv/Fm test. These tests are used to detect plant stress. The Y(II) test yielded values in the range of 0.627–0.800. Significant differences (variance analysis, 95% Least Significant Difference—LSD, post hoc test of analysis of variance—ANOVA) in reducing PSII chlorophyll fluorescence (Y(II)) were found between the medium and high doses of all three stressors compared to the control, indicating plant stress response. The Fv/Fm test yielded values between 0.668 and 0.805 and similarly detected stress responses in plants to all medium and high doses of stressors. The evaluated cultivar showed tolerance to moderately increased salt (NaCl) content and red mud levels. This was also confirmed by the chlorophyll content expressed as the Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI). The highest (significantly confirmed) chlorophyll content was found in the control variant and the variants with lower salt content and a soil pH of 6, with values of 35.633–37.467 CCI, compared to variants with higher red mud content (15.533–18.133 CCI) and higher soil acidity with pH 4 (22.833 CCI). Based on the results obtained, we conclude that the ES Mentor cultivar is tolerant to lower doses of the assessed stressors and can be cultivated in agricultural practice. However, medium to high doses of stressors trigger a strong stress response in plants and, therefore, we do not recommend cultivating this variety in contaminated environments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high salinity doses significantly reduced PSII fluorescence relative to control.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) Merrill
Glycine maxe2 - Material
- ES Mentore2
- Treatment
- medium and high doses of all three stressorse0
- Outcome
- PSII chlorophyll fluorescence (Y(II))e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences (variance analysis, 95% Least Significant Difference—LSD, post hoc test of analysis of variance—ANOVA) in reducing PSII chlorophyll fluorescence (Y(II)) were found between the medium and high doses of all three stressors compared to the control”
e1“salinity—doses of 20, 30, and 60 g NaCl per 2 dm3 of water used for plant irrigation”
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
Y(II) values ranged from 0.627 to 0.800.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Y(II)e0
- Value
- 0.627–0.800e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Y(II) test yielded values in the range of 0.627–0.800”
e1“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm values ranged from 0.668 to 0.805.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme0
- Value
- 0.668 and 0.805e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Fv/Fm test yielded values between 0.668 and 0.805”
e1“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm detected stress responses at medium and high doses of all stressors.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- all medium and high doses of stressorse0
- Outcome
- stress responses in plantse0
- Value
- 0.668 and 0.805e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similarly detected stress responses in plants to all medium and high doses of stressors”
e1“The Fv/Fm test yielded values between 0.668 and 0.805”
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivar showed tolerance to moderately increased salt and red mud.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Material
- ES Mentore1
- Outcome
- tolerance to moderately increased salt (NaCl) content and red mud levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evaluated cultivar showed tolerance to moderately increased salt (NaCl) content and red mud levels”
e1“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
Control, low salt, and pH 6 treatments had the highest chlorophyll content, 35.633–37.467 CCI.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- variants with lower salt content and a soil pH of 6e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 35.633–37.467 CCIe0
- Comparator
- control variante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest (significantly confirmed) chlorophyll content was found in the control variant and the variants with lower salt content and a soil pH of 6, with values of 35.633–37.467 CCI”
e1“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
High red mud treatments had chlorophyll content of 15.533–18.133 CCI relative to the highest-content variants.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- higher red mud contente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Value
- 15.533–18.133 CCIe0
- Comparator
- control variante1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to variants with higher red mud content (15.533–18.133 CCI)”
e1“The highest (significantly confirmed) chlorophyll content was found in the control variant and the variants with lower salt content and a soil pH of 6”
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 4, chlorophyll content was 22.833 CCI relative to the highest-content variants.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- higher soil acidity with pH 4e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Value
- 22.833 CCIe0
- Comparator
- control variante1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher soil acidity with pH 4 (22.833 CCI)”
e1“The highest (significantly confirmed) chlorophyll content was found in the control variant and the variants with lower salt content and a soil pH of 6”
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded ES Mentor can be cultivated at lower stressor doses.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Material
- ES Mentore0
- Outcome
- can be cultivated in agricultural practicee0
- Qualifier
- lower doses of the assessed stressorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ES Mentor cultivar is tolerant to lower doses of the assessed stressors and can be cultivated in agricultural practice”
e1“Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advised against cultivating this cultivar in contaminated environments.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- do not recommend cultivating this variety in contaminated environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we do not recommend cultivating this variety in contaminated environments”
e1“Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor”
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