Abstract
Abstract To study the effects of nano silicon (Si), mycorrhiza, and vermicompost on some physiological traits of triticale under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2021‒2022. Experimental factors included salinity at three levels [no-salt (control or S0), salinity 30 (S1), and 60 (S2) mM by NaCl equivalent to 1.71, 5.53, and 8.3 dS/m, respectively], application of bio-organic fertilizers (no application (B0), application of vermicompost (B1), mycorrhiza (B2), and application both of vermicompost and mycorrhiza (B3)), and three nano Si levels (without nano Si as control (N0), application of 30 (N1), and 60 (N2) mg/L). Means comparison revealed that under 60 mM salinity conditions, application of bio-organic fertilizers and 60 mg/L nano Si (B3N2) increased chlorophyll index, relative water content and quantum yield in comparison with no application of these fertilizers and nano Si (B0N0) under severe salinity stress. However, under severe salinity stress, the application of bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si as B3N2 decreased electrical conductivity as well as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with S2B0N0. Based on the results, application both of mycorrhiza with vermicompost and foliar application of 60 mg/L nano Si under 60 mM salinity conditions increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and compatible osmolytes in comparison with no application of these fertilizers and nano Si under no salinity. Under the highest salinity level, application of bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si as B3N2 had 30% more grain yield in comparison with B0N0. Overall, the application of bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si was beneficial for improving triticale plants' salinity resistance.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bio-organic fertilizer and nano Si increased chlorophyll index, relative water content and quantum yield under severe salinity.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizers and 60 mg/L nano Sie0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll index, relative water content and quantum yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 60 mM salinity conditionse0
- Comparator
- no application of these fertilizers and nano Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under 60 mM salinity conditions, application of bio-organic fertilizers and 60 mg/L nano Si (B3N2) increased chlorophyll index, relative water content and quantum yield in comparison with no application of these fertilizers and nano Si (B0N0)”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
B3N2 reduced electrical conductivity, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde under severe salinity.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si as B3N2e0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity as well as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- S2B0N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under severe salinity stress, the application of bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si as B3N2 decreased electrical conductivity as well as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with S2B0N0”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza, vermicompost and nano Si increased antioxidant enzymes and compatible osmolytes.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza with vermicompost and foliar application of 60 mg/L nano Sie0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes and compatible osmolytese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no application of these fertilizers and nano Si under no salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application both of mycorrhiza with vermicompost and foliar application of 60 mg/L nano Si under 60 mM salinity conditions increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and compatible osmolytes in comparison with no application of these fertilizers and nano Si under no salinity”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
B3N2 raised grain yield 30% relative to B0N0 under highest salinity.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si as B3N2e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- B0N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the highest salinity level, application of bio-organic fertilizers and nano Si as B3N2 had 30% more grain yield in comparison with B0N0”
t0“Triticale”
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