Abstract
Selecting high-yielding rice cultivars with superior quality under a changing climate is of particular importance for ensuring future food security . In this field experiment, japonica rice Wuyunjing27 (WYJ27) and indica rice Yangdao6 (YD6) displaying low and high yield enhancement at elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ), respectively, were compared in their grain quality responses to free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE). Grains located at apical primary rachis (superior spikelets , SS) and at proximal secondary rachis (inferior spikelets, IS) were separately investigated in their responses to eCO 2 because of the asynchronous grain development in rice panicles. Significant quality declines were found in SS of WYJ27, including increased chalky grains and decreased protein and amino acid concentration; in contrast, YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits. Grain quality of IS of both cultivars was less affected by eCO 2 , which might be associated with improved grain ripening, as shown by the reduced proportions of immature grains at harvest. Gel consistency and peak, hot, and final viscosities in the starch rapid visco analyzer profile were increased by eCO 2 when averaged across SS and IS of the two cultivars, indicating enhanced stickiness of cooked rice. For nutrient compositions, only grain sulfur concentration was reduced by eCO 2 , while the concentrations of other mineral elements and phytic acid were unchanged when averaged across SS and IS of the two cultivars. These results indicate that indica rice with higher yield increase from eCO 2 displayed less quality deterioration, but the underlying mechanisms need further investigation in order to breed rice with both high yield and good quality in eCO 2 environments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased chalky superior grains in Wuyunjing27.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- WYJ27e0
- Organ / stage
- SSe0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- chalky grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant quality declines were found in SS of WYJ27, including increased chalky grains and decreased protein and amino acid concentration”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
e1“YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased protein concentration in Wuyunjing27 superior grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- WYJ27e0
- Organ / stage
- SSe0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant quality declines were found in SS of WYJ27, including increased chalky grains and decreased protein and amino acid concentration”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
e1“YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased amino acid concentration in Wuyunjing27 superior grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- WYJ27e0
- Organ / stage
- SSe0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- amino acid concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant quality declines were found in SS of WYJ27, including increased chalky grains and decreased protein and amino acid concentration”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
e1“YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yangdao6 superior grain traits were less affected by elevated CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits.”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inferior spikelet grain quality in both cultivars was less affected by elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- ISe0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- Grain quality of ISe0
- Direction
- less affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain quality of IS of both cultivars was less affected by eCO 2”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced the proportion of immature grains at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- at harveste0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- proportions of immature grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved grain ripening, as shown by the reduced proportions of immature grains at harvest.”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
e1“YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased rice gel consistency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- Gel consistencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gel consistency and peak, hot, and final viscosities in the starch rapid visco analyzer profile were increased by eCO 2 when averaged across SS and IS of the two cultivars”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased peak, hot and final starch viscosities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- peak, hot, and final viscositiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gel consistency and peak, hot, and final viscosities in the starch rapid visco analyzer profile were increased by eCO 2 when averaged across SS and IS of the two cultivars”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced rice grain sulfur concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- grain sulfur concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only grain sulfur concentration was reduced by eCO 2”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
Other grain mineral element and phytic acid concentrations were unchanged under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- concentrations of other mineral elements and phytic acide0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of other mineral elements and phytic acid were unchanged when averaged across SS and IS of the two cultivars.”
t0“rice cultivars in the response of grain quality to free-air CO2 enrichment”
e1“YD6 was less affected by eCO 2 in these traits.”
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See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.