Abstract
Lentils are an excellent plant-based protein source, crucial for global food security providing nutritional benefits and economic value, especially in developing countries. BARI Masur-8, a micronutrient-rich lentil variety was exposed to three different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%) of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) to investigate the effects of water stress on germination, growth, ion accumulation, different biochemical traits, and expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes. The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG. PEG-induced water stress indicated a strong NO3− accumulation in the root (up to 66%) at 48 h. Furthermore, the K+ and PO43− content resulted in a reduction, and Na+ content enhanced. PEG-mediated water stress also raised the reducing and total sugar content to 72 h. A significant increase in phenolic compounds and proline content was observed in lentil seedlings, where roots showed the highest enhancement. Amino acid content initially increased and then declined in root and stem, whereas protein content showed an opposite trend. The expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed a strong expression of the catalase (CAT) gene whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression of this gene.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
30% PEG mostly inhibited germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarist0 - Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG.”
Claim · model-written summary
30% PEG mostly inhibited fresh and dry weight, relative water content.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight, relative water contente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG.”
Claim · model-written summary
30% PEG mostly inhibited pigments of leaves.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- pigments of leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG stress increased root nitrate accumulation up to 66% at 48 h.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- NO3− accumulatione0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 66%e0
- Qualifier
- 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“PEG-induced water stress indicated a strong NO3− accumulation in the root (up to 66%) at 48 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG stress caused reduction in K+ and PO43− content.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Outcome
- K+ and PO43− contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“Furthermore, the K+ and PO43− content resulted in a reduction, and Na+ content enhanced.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG stress caused enhanced in Na+ content.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Outcome
- Na+ contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“Furthermore, the K+ and PO43− content resulted in a reduction, and Na+ content enhanced.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG stress raised reducing and total sugar content to 72 h.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- PEGe0
- Outcome
- reducing and total sugar contente0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Qualifier
- 72 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“PEG-mediated water stress also raised the reducing and total sugar content to 72 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic compounds and proline content increased significantly in lentil seedlings, most in roots.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- phenolic compounds and proline contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in phenolic compounds and proline content was observed in lentil seedlings, where roots showed the highest enhancement.”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid content changed over time in root and stem, with opposite trends.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Organ / stage
- root and steme0
- Outcome
- Amino acid contente0
- Direction
- initially increased and then declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“Amino acid content initially increased and then declined in root and stem, whereas protein content showed an opposite trend.”
Claim · model-written summary
protein content changed over time in root and stem, with opposite trends.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Organ / stage
- root and steme0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“Amino acid content initially increased and then declined in root and stem, whereas protein content showed an opposite trend.”
Claim · model-written summary
catalase (CAT) showed strong expression.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- stronge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed a strong expression of the catalase (CAT) gene whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression of this gene.”
Claim · model-written summary
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed a strong expression of the catalase (CAT) gene whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression of this gene.”
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