Abstract
Defence priming sensitises plant defences to enable a faster and/or stronger response to subsequent stress. Various chemicals can trigger priming; however, the response remains unexplored in oak. Here, we characterise salicylic acid (SA)-, jasmonic acid (JA)-, and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced priming of oak seedlings against the causal agent of powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides, PM). Whilst JA had no effects, BABA and SA enhanced resistance by priming callose deposition and SA-dependent gene expression, respectively. Untargeted transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed genes and metabolites uniquely primed by BABA, SA, and JA. Enrichment analyses demonstrated a limited number of pathways differentiating the three treatments or the resistance-inducing elicitors BABA and SA. However, a similar mode of action between BABA and JA was identified. Moreover, our analyses revealed a lack of crosstalk between SA and JA. Interestingly, priming by BABA was linked to alkaloid, lignan, phenylpropanoid, and indolitic compounds biosynthesis. Moreover, integration of the omics analyses revealed the role of ubiquitination and protein degradation in priming by BABA. Our results confirm the existence of chemical-induced priming in oak and has identified specific molecular markers associated with well-characterised elicitors.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
JA had no reported effect on oak resistance.
QuercusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whilst JA had no effects”
t0“oak Seedlings Against Powdery Mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA enhanced oak resistance by priming callose deposition.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA and SA enhanced resistance by priming callose deposition and SA-dependent gene expression, respectively.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SA enhanced oak resistance by priming SA-dependent gene expression.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA and SA enhanced resistance by priming callose deposition and SA-dependent gene expression, respectively.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA uniquely primed genes and metabolites.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes and metabolites uniquely primed by BABA, SA, and JA.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SA uniquely primed genes and metabolites.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes and metabolites uniquely primed by BABA, SA, and JA.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
JA uniquely primed genes and metabolites.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes and metabolites uniquely primed by BABA, SA, and JA.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a limited number of pathways differentiated elicitor treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enrichment analyses demonstrated a limited number of pathways differentiating the three treatments or the resistance-inducing elicitors BABA and SA.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA and JA had a similar mode of action.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a similar mode of action between BABA and JA was identified.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Analyses found no SA–JA crosstalk.
- Outcome
- lack of crosstalk between SA and JAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“our analyses revealed a lack of crosstalk between SA and JA.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA priming was linked to several biosynthesis classes.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“priming by BABA was linked to alkaloid, lignan, phenylpropanoid, and indolitic compounds biosynthesis.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ubiquitination and protein degradation were implicated in BABA priming.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of the omics analyses revealed the role of ubiquitination and protein degradation in priming by BABA.”
t0“Oak Seedlings”