Abstract
Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations to simulate the potential impacts of future climate scenarios on the ToMV–tomato pathosystem. Tomato plants infected with ToMV were cultivated under two distinct [CO2] environments: elevated [CO2] (naturally enriched to approximately 1000 μmol mol−1) and ambient [CO2] (ambient atmospheric [CO2] of 420 μmol mol−1). Key parameters, including phytopathological (disease index, ToMV gene expression), growth-related (plant height, leaf area), and physiological traits (chlorophyll content, flavonoid levels, nitrogen balance index), were monitored to assess the effects of elevated [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] significantly reduced the disease index from 2.4 under ambient [CO2] to 1.7 under elevated [CO2]. Additionally, viral RNA expression was notably lower in plants grown at elevated [CO2] compared to those under ambient [CO2]. While ToMV infection led to reductions in the chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index and an increase in the flavonoid levels under ambient [CO2], these physiological effects were largely mitigated under elevated [CO2]. Infected plants grown at elevated [CO2] showed values for these parameters that approached those of healthy plants grown under ambient [CO2]. These findings demonstrate that elevated [CO2] helps to mitigate the effects of tomato mosaic disease and contribute to understanding how future climate scenarios may influence the tomato–ToMV interaction and other plant–pathogen interactions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] significantly reduced the ToMV disease index in tomato from 2.4 under ambient [CO2] to 1.7.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e1
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease indexe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 1.7e1
- Qualifier
- from 2.4 under ambient [CO2]e1
- Comparator
- ambient [CO2]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants”
e0“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations”
e1“Elevated [CO2] significantly reduced the disease index from 2.4 under ambient [CO2] to 1.7 under elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral RNA expression of ToMV was lower in tomato grown at elevated [CO2] than under ambient [CO2].
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e2
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- viral RNA expressione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- ambient [CO2]e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants”
e0“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations”
e2“viral RNA expression was notably lower in plants grown at elevated [CO2] compared to those under ambient [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
ToMV infection reduced chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index in tomato under ambient [CO2].
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ToMV infectione3
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance indexe3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Qualifier
- under ambient [CO2]e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants”
e0“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations”
e3“While ToMV infection led to reductions in the chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index and an increase in the flavonoid levels under ambient [CO2], these physiological effects were largely mitigated under elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
ToMV infection increased flavonoid levels in tomato under ambient [CO2].
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ToMV infectione3
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- flavonoid levelse3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- under ambient [CO2]e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants”
e0“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations”
e3“While ToMV infection led to reductions in the chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index and an increase in the flavonoid levels under ambient [CO2], these physiological effects were largely mitigated under elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] largely mitigated the physiological effects of ToMV infection in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e3
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- physiological effectse3
- Direction
- mitigatede3
- Qualifier
- largelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants”
e0“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations”
e3“While ToMV infection led to reductions in the chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index and an increase in the flavonoid levels under ambient [CO2], these physiological effects were largely mitigated under elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected tomato plants grown at elevated [CO2] approached the values of healthy plants grown under ambient [CO2].
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e4
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- values for these parameterse4
- Direction
- approachede4
- Comparator
- healthy plants grown under ambient [CO2]e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants”
e0“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations”
e4“Infected plants grown at elevated [CO2] showed values for these parameters that approached those of healthy plants grown under ambient [CO2]”
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