Abstract
Abstract The roots of tomato plants were fumigated with simulated refuse‐generated gas mixtures at levels of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2) previously measured in the atmospheres of landfill cover soils associated with poor growth or death of plants (5). A concentration of 18% CO2 or greater, exceeded in almost 30% of thirty‐two landfills examined throughout the United States, caused reduced growth and visible symptoms on tomato after 1 wk, regardless of O2 level. Doubling the CO2 level to that encountered in a typical local site (Edgeboro Landfill) resulted in more severe symptom development and the subsequent death of plants. Methane, in concentrations of 20% and above, found in more than 25% of the landfills visited, while not observed to be toxic per se; was associated with drastic O2 depletion in the soil atmosphere, which activity was believed to be the cause of plant decline.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At least 18% carbon dioxide reduced tomato growth after one week regardless of oxygen.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- 18% CO2 or greatere0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- after 1 wk, regardless of O2 levele0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 18% CO2 or greater, exceeded in almost 30% of thirty‐two landfills examined throughout the United States, caused reduced growth and visible symptoms on tomato after 1 wk, regardless of O2 level.”
Claim · model-written summary
At least 18% carbon dioxide caused visible symptoms after one week.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 18% CO2 or greatere0
- Outcome
- visible symptomse0
- Qualifier
- after 1 wk, regardless of O2 levele0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 18% CO2 or greater, exceeded in almost 30% of thirty‐two landfills examined throughout the United States, caused reduced growth and visible symptoms on tomato after 1 wk, regardless of O2 level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling carbon dioxide caused more severe symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Doubling the CO2 levele0
- Outcome
- symptom developmente0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Setting
- Edgeboro Landfille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling the CO2 level to that encountered in a typical local site (Edgeboro Landfill) resulted in more severe symptom development and the subsequent death of plants.”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling carbon dioxide led to plant death.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Doubling the CO2 levele0
- Outcome
- death of plantse0
- Setting
- Edgeboro Landfille0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling the CO2 level to that encountered in a typical local site (Edgeboro Landfill) resulted in more severe symptom development and the subsequent death of plants.”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Methane at 20% or more was not observed to be directly toxic.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 20% and abovee0
- Outcome
- toxic per see0
- Direction
- not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methane, in concentrations of 20% and above, found in more than 25% of the landfills visited, while not observed to be toxic per se”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Methane was associated with drastic soil oxygen depletion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Methanee2
- Outcome
- O2 depletion in the soil atmospheree0
- Direction
- drastice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was associated with drastic O2 depletion in the soil atmosphere”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Methane, in concentrations of 20% and above”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed plant decline to methane-associated oxygen depletion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- plant declinee0
- Qualifier
- O2 depletion in the soil atmospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drastic O2 depletion in the soil atmosphere, which activity was believed to be the cause of plant decline.”
e1“tomato plants”
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See all 75 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.