Abstract
Using microbial cells for bioremediation requires evaluating suitable inoculation techniques and their effects. This study applied liquid and encapsulated in alginate beads inocula of A. vinelandii in agricultural soil to evaluate chlorpyrifos (CP) degradation and its impact on cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Allium sativum cells and Eisenia foetida organisms were used as biomarkers for toxicological evaluations. Changes in the mitotic index and nuclear abnormalities in A. sativum cells were used for toxicity determinations. The percentage survival of E. foetida was calculated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect CP. The initial CP concentration (250 mg/kg) decreased by 92% when inoculated with liquid A. vinelandii and by 82% with A. vinelandii encapsulated after 14 d. A 60% decrease in cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to A. sativum cells was detected in treatments inoculated with A. vinelandii . The survival rate of E. foetida was improved by 33% when inoculated with free A. vinelandii compared to contaminated soil. Encapsulation as an inoculation strategy extended the viability of A. vinelandii compared to free inoculation. Both free and encapsulated inocula of A. vinelandii effectively degrade CP in soil and decrease its toxic effects. This study contributed by identifying sustainable agricultural alternatives for the inoculation and bioremediation of agricultural soils.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid A. vinelandii inoculation reduced soil chlorpyrifos concentration by 92% after 14 days.
- Treatment
- inoculated with liquid A. vinelandiie0
- Outcome
- CP concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Qualifier
- after 14 de0
- Comparator
- initial CP concentratione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The initial CP concentration (250 mg/kg) decreased by 92% when inoculated with liquid A. vinelandii and by 82% with A. vinelandii encapsulated after 14 d.”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated A. vinelandii inoculation reduced soil chlorpyrifos concentration by 82% after 14 days.
- Treatment
- A. vinelandii encapsulatede0
- Outcome
- CP concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Qualifier
- after 14 de0
- Comparator
- initial CP concentratione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The initial CP concentration (250 mg/kg) decreased by 92% when inoculated with liquid A. vinelandii and by 82% with A. vinelandii encapsulated after 14 d.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. vinelandii inoculation reduced garlic-cell cytotoxic and genotoxic damage by 60%.
- Taxon
- A. sativum
Allium sativume0 - Organ / stage
- cellse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with A. vinelandiie0
- Interactor
- A. vinelandiiAzotobacter vinelandiie0other
- Outcome
- cytotoxic and genotoxic damagee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 60% decrease in cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to A. sativum cells was detected in treatments inoculated with A. vinelandii .”
Claim · model-written summary
Free A. vinelandii inoculation improved E. foetida survival by 33% compared with contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- E. foetida
Eisenia fetidae0 - Treatment
- inoculated with free A. vinelandiie0
- Outcome
- survival rate of E. foetidae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- contaminated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The survival rate of E. foetida was improved by 33% when inoculated with free A. vinelandii compared to contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulation extended A. vinelandii viability relative to free inoculation.
Verbatim
e0“Encapsulation as an inoculation strategy extended the viability of A. vinelandii compared to free inoculation.”
The same questions in other papers
Azotobacter vinelandii · cytology · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · cytology · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.