Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for mammals, although its availability in plants varies widely due to agricultural methods and environmental conditions. As plants are the primary dietary source of Se, biofortification of aromatic plants is a promising strategy to increase consumer Se intake. Moreover, Se has been shown to play beneficial roles in plants, particularly under abiotic stress conditions. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of Se biofortification (5 μM) and moderate salinity stress (10 mM NaCl) on basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) and peppermint ( Mentha × piperita L.) growing in a floating system. The results indicated a higher Se concentration in plants subjected to the Se + NaCl treatment, with approximately 33.01 and 34.87 mg kg −1 in basil and peppermint, respectively. Notably, plants exposed to NaCl and Se accumulated 25 % more Se than those treated with Se alone. The combined treatments significantly increased phenolic content by 45 % in basil (from 6.08 to 9.00 nmol mg −1 fresh weight (FW) and by 62 % in peppermint (from 6.99 to 11.51 nmol mg −1 FW) and increased antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing sodium accumulation. It also increased the activity of antioxidant stress enzymes, alleviating oxidative stress. Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels. In peppermint, both NaCl and Se + NaCl resulted in decreased menthone content and increased menthol content. These findings suggest that Se-enriched basil and peppermint grown under moderate salinity stress can improve Se concentration while maintaining plant quality, addressing nutritional deficiencies in regions with saline conditions. • Enhanced Se concentration with Se biofortification and moderate salinity stress. • Preservation of plant yield and essential oil content. • Increased phenolic content and antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, CAT, GPX). • Potential for dietary supplementation and public health support.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Basil accumulated approximately 33.01 mg kg −1 Se under Se + NaCl.
- Taxon
- basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- Se + NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- Se concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 33.01 and 34.87 mg kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Se concentration in plants subjected to the Se + NaCl treatment, with approximately 33.01 and 34.87 mg kg −1 in basil and peppermint, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint accumulated approximately 34.87 mg kg −1 Se under Se + NaCl.
- Taxon
- peppermint
Mentha ×piperitae0 - Treatment
- Se + NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- Se concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.87 mg kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Se concentration in plants subjected to the Se + NaCl treatment, with approximately 33.01 and 34.87 mg kg −1 in basil and peppermint, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
basil under NaCl and Se accumulated 25 % more Se than under Se alone.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl and See0
- Outcome
- See0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 25 %e0
- Comparator
- Se alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to NaCl and Se accumulated 25 % more Se than those treated with Se alone”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
peppermint under NaCl and Se accumulated 25 % more Se than under Se alone.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitat0
- Treatment
- NaCl and See0
- Outcome
- See0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 25 %e0
- Comparator
- Se alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to NaCl and Se accumulated 25 % more Se than those treated with Se alone”
t0“peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments increased phenolic content in basil by 45 %.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined treatments significantly increased phenolic content by 45 % in basil (from 6.08 to 9.00 nmol mg −1 fresh weight (FW) and by 62 % in peppermint (from 6.99 to 11.51 nmol mg −1 FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments increased phenolic content in peppermint by 62 %.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 62 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined treatments significantly increased phenolic content by 45 % in basil (from 6.08 to 9.00 nmol mg −1 fresh weight (FW) and by 62 % in peppermint (from 6.99 to 11.51 nmol mg −1 FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatments significantly increased phenolic content by 45 % in basil (from 6.08 to 9.00 nmol mg −1 fresh weight (FW) and by 62 % in peppermint (from 6.99 to 11.51 nmol mg −1 FW) and increased antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing sodium accumulation”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments reduced sodium accumulation.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sodium accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatments significantly increased phenolic content by 45 % in basil (from 6.08 to 9.00 nmol mg −1 fresh weight (FW) and by 62 % in peppermint (from 6.99 to 11.51 nmol mg −1 FW) and increased antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing sodium accumulation”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and salinity increasing 1,8-cineole in basil.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se and salinitye0
- Outcome
- 1,8-cineolee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and salinity increasing menthol in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- Se and salinitye0
- Outcome
- menthole0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and salinity decreasing eugenol in basil.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se and salinitye0
- Outcome
- eugenole0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and salinity decreasing eugenol in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- Se and salinitye0
- Outcome
- eugenole0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and salinity decreasing methyl eugenol in basil.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se and salinitye0
- Outcome
- methyl eugenole0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and salinity decreasing methyl eugenol in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- Se and salinitye0
- Outcome
- methyl eugenole0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se and salinity also altered key essential oil compounds, increasing 1,8-cineole in basil and menthol in peppermint while decreasing both species' eugenol and methyl eugenol levels”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased menthone content in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- menthone contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In peppermint, both NaCl and Se + NaCl resulted in decreased menthone content and increased menthol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Se + NaCl decreased menthone content in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- Se + NaCle0
- Outcome
- menthone contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In peppermint, both NaCl and Se + NaCl resulted in decreased menthone content and increased menthol content”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased menthol content in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- menthol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In peppermint, both NaCl and Se + NaCl resulted in decreased menthone content and increased menthol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Se + NaCl increased menthol content in peppermint.
- Taxon
- peppermintMentha ×piperitae0
- Treatment
- Se + NaCle0
- Outcome
- menthol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In peppermint, both NaCl and Se + NaCl resulted in decreased menthone content and increased menthol content”
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