Abstract
• Mg application led to an increase in the Mg content in leaf, peel, and pulp of satsuma mandarin and navel orange. • Mg promoted citrus peel coloring in satsuma mandarin and navel orange by facilitating chlorophyll degradation and β, β-xanthophylls accumulation in the flavedo. • Mg improves pulp coloration in satsuma mandarin but has no significant impact on navel orange pulp. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for crops, playing a crucial role in their growth and development. Previous research demonstrated that Mg enhances fruit coloration and improves the quality of Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc . ). This study further explores the effects of Mg on fruit coloration in two citrus cultivars, Satsuma mandarin, and navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.), and investigates the underlying mechanisms. Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content in the leaves, peel, and pulp of both cultivars. Concurrently, it reduced chlorophyll content in the flavedo of Satsuma mandarin (165–195 days after flowering, DAF) and navel orange (150–195 DAF) by downregulating chlorophyll biosynthesis genes ( GGDR, CHLH, CHLM, CHL27, PORA ) and upregulating chlorophyll degradation genes ( NYC, PPH, PAO, RCCR ). Chlorophyll content decreased by 9.23%–38.08% in Satsuma mandarin and 17.90%–44.64% in navel orange. Furthermore, Mg treatment enhanced peel coloration by promoting the accumulation of β, β-xanthophylls and ABA in the flavedo, mediated by the upregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes ( PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb1, LCYb2, ZEP ) and ABA metabolism-related genes ( NCED2 and NCED3 ). Notably, these effects exhibited significant variation between cultivars and developmental stages. While Mg improved pulp coloration in Satsuma mandarin, it had no significant effect on navel orange pulp. These findings underscore the critical role of Mg in regulating citrus fruit coloration and provide a scientific basis for optimizing Mg fertilization strategies to improve fruit quality and economic value.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium treatment increased magnesium content in Satsuma mandarin leaves, peel and pulp.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarin
Citrus unshiue1 - Treatment
- Mg treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mg contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content in the leaves, peel, and pulp of both cultivars”
e1“Satsuma mandarin, and navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium treatment increased magnesium content in navel orange leaves, peel and pulp.
- Taxon
- navel orange
Citrus sinensise1 - Treatment
- Mg treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mg contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content in the leaves, peel, and pulp of both cultivars”
e1“Satsuma mandarin, and navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium decreased Satsuma mandarin chlorophyll content by 9.23%–38.08%.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- Mg treatmente1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 9.23%–38.08%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content decreased by 9.23%–38.08% in Satsuma mandarin and 17.90%–44.64% in navel orange”
e1“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium decreased navel orange chlorophyll content by 17.90%–44.64%.
- Taxon
- navel orangeCitrus sinensise0
- Treatment
- Mg treatmente1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 17.90%–44.64%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content decreased by 9.23%–38.08% in Satsuma mandarin and 17.90%–44.64% in navel orange”
e1“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium altered chlorophyll biosynthesis genes.
- Treatment
- Mg treatmente1
- Gene
- GGDR, CHLH, CHLM, CHL27, PORAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll biosynthesis genese0
- Direction
- downregulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulating chlorophyll biosynthesis genes ( GGDR, CHLH, CHLM, CHL27, PORA )”
e1“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium altered chlorophyll degradation genes.
- Treatment
- Mg treatmente1
- Gene
- NYC, PPH, PAO, RCCRe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll degradation genese0
- Direction
- upregulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulating chlorophyll degradation genes ( NYC, PPH, PAO, RCCR )”
e1“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium altered carotenoid biosynthesis genes.
- Treatment
- Mg treatmente1
- Gene
- PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb1, LCYb2, ZEPe0
- Outcome
- carotenoid biosynthesis genese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes ( PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb1, LCYb2, ZEP )”
e1“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium altered ABA metabolism-related genes.
- Treatment
- Mg treatmente1
- Gene
- NCED2 and NCED3e0
- Outcome
- ABA metabolism-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes ( PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb1, LCYb2, ZEP ) and ABA metabolism-related genes ( NCED2 and NCED3 )”
e1“Mg treatment significantly increased Mg content”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium promoted β, β-xanthophylls accumulation in flavedo.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg treatment enhanced peel coloration by promoting the accumulation of β, β-xanthophylls and ABA in the flavedo”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium promoted ABA accumulation in flavedo.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg treatment enhanced peel coloration by promoting the accumulation of β, β-xanthophylls and ABA in the flavedo”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium enhanced peel coloration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg treatment enhanced peel coloration by promoting the accumulation of β, β-xanthophylls and ABA in the flavedo”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium improved Satsuma mandarin pulp coloration.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- Mge0
- Outcome
- pulp coloratione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg improved pulp coloration in Satsuma mandarin”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium had no significant effect on navel orange pulp.
- Taxon
- navel orangeCitrus sinensise0
- Treatment
- Mge0
- Outcome
- navel orange pulpe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg improved pulp coloration in Satsuma mandarin, it had no significant effect on navel orange pulp”
The same questions in other papers
magnesium atom · physiology: pigments · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
magnesium atom · physiology: pigments · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.