Abstract
Improper handling of soybeans ( Glycine max L.) can lead to contamination by aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus ( A. flavus ). This study investigated the ozonation technique in decontaminating aflatoxin, as well as the physical and microbiological quality of soybeans. Soybeans were contaminated with A. flavus and placed in an incubator for 20 days at 30°C with a relative humidity of 95% to stimulate aflatoxin production. Ozone exposure was conducted using the corona discharge technique at 125 volts and 10 ppm for 30 and 60 minutes. Exposure to ozone for 60 minutes efficiently eliminated 97% of AFB1, 96% of AFB2, and 97% of total AFB. The population of A. flavus decreased from 5.2 Log CFU/g to 3.2 Log CFU/g. Additionally, ozonation reduced the initial and inoculated soybean’s water activity (a w ) values from 0.72 to 0.67 and 0.89 to 0.87, respectively. The study demonstrated that A. flavus underwent morphological damage, characterized by conidia’s destruction and conidiophores’ shrinking. Furthermore, ozonation suppressed the morphological growth of A. flavus in both treatment conditions. The study revealed that ozonation successfully eliminates aflatoxins, decreases the presence of A. flavus , reduces a w values, and hinders the growth and alters the morphology of A. flavus on soybean, as evidenced by the suboptimal development of sterigmata and conidia.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone exposure for 60 minutes eliminated 97% of AFB1 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Exposure to ozone for 60 minutese1
- Outcome
- AFB1e1
- Direction
- eliminatede1
- Value
- 97%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e1“Exposure to ozone for 60 minutes efficiently eliminated 97% of AFB1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone exposure for 60 minutes eliminated 96% of AFB2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Exposure to ozone for 60 minutese1
- Outcome
- AFB2e2
- Direction
- eliminatede1
- Value
- 96%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e1“Exposure to ozone for 60 minutes efficiently eliminated 97% of AFB1”
e2“96% of AFB2”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone exposure for 60 minutes eliminated 97% of total AFB in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Exposure to ozone for 60 minutese1
- Outcome
- total AFBe3
- Direction
- eliminatede1
- Value
- 97%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e1“Exposure to ozone for 60 minutes efficiently eliminated 97% of AFB1”
e3“97% of total AFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased the A. flavus population on soybean from 5.2 to 3.2 Log CFU/g.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozone exposuree6
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse4pathogen - Outcome
- population of A. flavuse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 5.2 Log CFU/g to 3.2 Log CFU/ge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e4“The population of A. flavus decreased from 5.2 Log CFU/g to 3.2 Log CFU/g”
e6“Ozone exposure was conducted using the corona discharge technique at 125 volts and 10 ppm for 30 and 60 minutes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonation reduced the water activity of the initial soybean from 0.72 to 0.67.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ozonatione5
- Outcome
- water activitye5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 0.72 to 0.67e5
- Qualifier
- initiale5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e5“ozonation reduced the initial and inoculated soybean’s water activity (a w ) values from 0.72 to 0.67”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonation reduced the water activity of the inoculated soybean from 0.89 to 0.87.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- inoculated soybeane5
- Treatment
- ozonatione5
- Outcome
- water activitye5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 0.89 to 0.87e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e5“ozonation reduced the initial and inoculated soybean’s water activity (a w ) values from 0.72 to 0.67”
e7“0.89 to 0.87”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonation suppressed the morphological growth of A. flavus on soybean in both treatment conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ozonatione1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- morphological growth of A. flavuse1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- in both treatment conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e1“Furthermore, ozonation suppressed the morphological growth of A. flavus in both treatment conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone exposure caused morphological damage to A. flavus on soybean, with conidia destruction and conidiophore shrinking.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozone exposuree6
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse2pathogen
- Outcome
- morphological damagee2
- Qualifier
- conidia’s destruction and conidiophores’ shrinkinge2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aflatoxin reduction in soybean”
e6“Ozone exposure was conducted using the corona discharge technique at 125 volts and 10 ppm for 30 and 60 minutes”
e2“A. flavus underwent morphological damage, characterized by conidia’s destruction and conidiophores’ shrinking”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.