Abstract
In traditional medicine, plants are widely utilized as sources of bioactive compounds for treating various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolite composition, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial effects of 38 medicinal plants commonly used in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plants were collected from natural habitats, and dried plant material from different organs, selected based on their traditional medicinal use, was used for the extraction of bioactive compounds with 80% ethanol. The extracts were analysed for phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content, as well as antioxidant capacity (using DPPH and FRAP assays) and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of all 38 plants was initially screened using the disc diffusion method. For plants showing significant antimicrobial activity (inhibition zones > 20 mm), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. All analysed plants exhibited high phenolic content, with Melissa officinalis leaf extract, Filipendula vulgaris flower extract, and Rubus plicatus leaf extract containing over 300 mg GAE/g DW. According to the DPPH assay, high antioxidant capacity was observed in extracts from the leaves of Fragaria vesca, Prunus armeniaca, Rubus plicatus, and R. ideus, as well as in Rosa canina fruit and Filipendula vulgaris flower extracts, with values reaching 702.39 mg TE/g DW. Among the 38 tested plants, 16 exhibited high antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones greater than 20 mm. To ensure both the efficacy and safety of these plants, further studies on their toxicity, particularly dose-dependent toxicity, are necessary.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All analysed plants had high phenolic content.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- high phenolic contente0
Verbatim
e0“All analysed plants exhibited high phenolic content”
Claim · model-written summary
Melissa officinalis leaf extract exceeded 300 mg GAE/g DW phenolics.
- Taxon
- Melissa officinalis
Melissa officinalise0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- extracte0
- Value
- over 300 mg GAE/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melissa officinalis leaf extract, Filipendula vulgaris flower extract, and Rubus plicatus leaf extract containing over 300 mg GAE/g DW.”
Claim · model-written summary
Filipendula vulgaris flower extract exceeded 300 mg GAE/g DW phenolics.
- Taxon
- Filipendula vulgaris
_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Filipendula vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- flowere0
- Outcome
- extracte0
- Value
- over 300 mg GAE/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Filipendula vulgaris flower extract, and Rubus plicatus leaf extract containing over 300 mg GAE/g DW.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rubus plicatus leaf extract exceeded 300 mg GAE/g DW phenolics.
- Taxon
- Rubus plicatus
_Stictoleptura_cordigera_on_Rubus_plicatus.jpg?width=60)
Rubus fruticosuse0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- extracte0
- Value
- over 300 mg GAE/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Stictoleptura_cordigera_on_Rubus_plicatus.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Rubus plicatus leaf extract containing over 300 mg GAE/g DW.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fragaria vesca, Prunus armeniaca and Rubus plicatus leaf extracts showed high DPPH antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca
Fragaria vescae0 - Outcome
- high antioxidant capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high antioxidant capacity was observed in extracts from the leaves of Fragaria vesca, Prunus armeniaca, Rubus plicatus, and R. ideus”
Claim · model-written summary
R. ideus leaf extract showed high DPPH antioxidant capacity.
Verbatim
e0“high antioxidant capacity was observed in extracts from the leaves of Fragaria vesca, Prunus armeniaca, Rubus plicatus, and R. ideus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosa canina fruit extract showed high DPPH antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Rosa canina
Rosa caninae0 - Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- extractse0
- Value
- 702.39 mg TE/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rosa canina fruit and Filipendula vulgaris flower extracts, with values reaching 702.39 mg TE/g DW.”
Claim · model-written summary
Filipendula vulgaris flower extract showed high DPPH antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Filipendula vulgarisFilipendula vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- flowere0
- Outcome
- extractse0
- Value
- 702.39 mg TE/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rosa canina fruit and Filipendula vulgaris flower extracts, with values reaching 702.39 mg TE/g DW.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen of 38 plants showed antimicrobial inhibition zones above 20 mm.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activitye0
- Value
- 16e0
- Qualifier
- inhibition zones greater than 20 mme0
Verbatim
e0“Among the 38 tested plants, 16 exhibited high antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones greater than 20 mm.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for toxicity studies, especially dose-dependent toxicity.
Verbatim
e0“further studies on their toxicity, particularly dose-dependent toxicity, are necessary.”
t0“traditional medicinal plants”