Abstract
AIMS: Endophytic colonization of apple shoots by bacterial endophytes with in vitro antagonism against Neonectria ditissima was evaluated. Their biocontrol activity against N. ditissima was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Spontaneous mutants resistant to 125 ppm rifampicin produced from three Pseudomonas sp. and three Bacillus sp. strains were used to assess endophytic colonization of detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots. Re-isolation on rifampicin amended agar followed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verified endophytic colonization by three Pseudomonas sp. rifampicin mutants up to 4-5 cm above and below the inoculation point. Colonization ability was not found for the three Bacillus rifampicin mutants. Recovery frequency and total length of detached shoots colonized by N. ditissima was not reduced. In attached shoots, length of shoot tissue colonized by Pseudomonas mutant strains did not differ between treatments at either assessment time. Pseudomonas sp. 1RIF inoculated 14 days before N. ditissima reduced length of shoot colonized by N. ditissima. The other treatments did not reduce length of shoot colonized by N. ditissima indicating no in planta biocontrol activity. CONCLUSION: Combination of spontaneous rifampicin resistant bacterial mutants and ERIC-PCR reliably tracked bacteria in planta. Lack of in planta biocontrol activity was not due to absence of endophytic colonization.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Three Pseudomonas rifampicin mutants colonized detached apple shoots 4–5 cm above and below inoculation.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- 'Royal Gala'e1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.
Pseudomonase0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- endophytic colonization by three Pseudomonas sp. rifampicin mutantse0
- Value
- 4-5 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“verified endophytic colonization by three Pseudomonas sp. rifampicin mutants up to 4-5 cm above and below the inoculation point”
e1“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The three Bacillus mutants did not colonize apple shoots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Colonization ability was not found for the three Bacillus rifampicin mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization ability was not found for the three Bacillus rifampicin mutants.”
e1“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial treatments did not reduce recovery frequency or total length of detached apple shoots colonized by N. ditissima.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. and three Bacillus sp. strainse1
- Interactor
- N. ditissima
Neonectria ditissimae0pathogen - Outcome
- Recovery frequency and total length of detached shoots colonized by N. ditissimae0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery frequency and total length of detached shoots colonized by N. ditissima was not reduced.”
e1“Pseudomonas sp. and three Bacillus sp. strains”
e2“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas colonization length in attached shoots did not differ among treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas mutant strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- length of shoot tissue colonized by Pseudomonas mutant strainse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In attached shoots, length of shoot tissue colonized by Pseudomonas mutant strains did not differ between treatments at either assessment time.”
e1“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas sp. 1RIF inoculated 14 days before pathogen challenge reduced N. ditissima colonization length.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. 1RIF inoculated 14 days before N. ditissimae0
- Interactor
- N. ditissimaNeonectria ditissimae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. 1RIFe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- length of shoot colonized by N. ditissimae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas sp. 1RIF inoculated 14 days before N. ditissima reduced length of shoot colonized by N. ditissima.”
e1“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Other treatments did not reduce N. ditissima shoot colonization length.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Interactor
- N. ditissimaNeonectria ditissimae0pathogen
- Outcome
- length of shoot colonized by N. ditissimae0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The other treatments did not reduce length of shoot colonized by N. ditissima”
e1“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Rifampicin mutants with ERIC-PCR reliably tracked bacteria inside apple shoots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- reliably tracked bacteria in plantae0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of spontaneous rifampicin resistant bacterial mutants and ERIC-PCR reliably tracked bacteria in planta.”
e1“detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · organism · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.