Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in biodegradable films for extending food's shelf life. This study developed pectin-potato starch-based films incorporating varying pyrogallol concentrations and evaluated shelf life their physical, antioxidant, mechanical, optical, antibacterial, structural, biodegradation, and shelf-life properties. Among the tested films (F1, pectin; F2, pectin + potato starch; F3, pectin + potato starch + 0.5%pyrogallol; and F4, pectin + potato starch + 1%pyrogallol), F4 exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (42 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.5 mm), and Escherichia coli (25.5 mm), antioxidant activity (AA) (95% (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), 76% (metal chelating activity), and 87% (hydroxyl radical scavenging assay)), mechanical, and soil biodegradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed biocompatibility, whereas differential scanning calorimetry studies showed thermal stability. Shelf-life studies on tomatoes at 30°C demonstrated that F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g), AA (53.5%), firmness (46 N), and titratable acidity (0.38%) while maintaining the total soluble solids, pH, lycopene content, color, and microbial inhibition. This study introduces a novel active biodegradable film with enhanced antimicrobial, mechanical, and antioxidant properties for sustainable food packaging applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study introduces an eco-friendly biopolymer coating formulated to extend the shelf life of food by reducing spoilage and maintaining quality during storage. The coating is cost-effective, easy to produce, and can be used for industrial-scale applications by giving a sustainable alternative to synthetic packaging. It can provide consumers with long-lasting produce by maintaining freshness, reducing food waste, and promoting environmentally conscious food preservation practices.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating extended tomato shelf life to 21 days at 30°C.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 21 dayse0
- Setting
- 30°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shelf-life studies on tomatoes at 30°C demonstrated that F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating reduced tomato weight loss to 14.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- weight losse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 14.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%)”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating reduced tomato total phenolic content to 25 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 25 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g)”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating reduced tomato antioxidant activity to 53.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- AAe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 53.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g), AA (53.5%)”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating reduced tomato firmness to 46 N.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 46 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g), AA (53.5%), firmness (46 N)”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating reduced tomato titratable acidity to 0.38%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 0.38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g), AA (53.5%), firmness (46 N), and titratable acidity (0.38%)”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating maintained total soluble solids, pH and lycopene content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, pH, lycopene contente0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g), AA (53.5%), firmness (46 N), and titratable acidity (0.38%) while maintaining the total soluble solids, pH, lycopene content, color, and microbial inhibition”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
F4 coating maintained tomato color and microbial inhibition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- F4 film coatinge0
- Outcome
- color, and microbial inhibitione0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F4 film coating extended shelf life to 21 days by reducing weight loss (14.5%), total phenolic content (25 mg/100 g), AA (53.5%), firmness (46 N), and titratable acidity (0.38%) while maintaining the total soluble solids, pH, lycopene content, color, and microbial inhibition”
t0“tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
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