Abstract
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) are the most widely cultivated fruits in Ladakh, but their production is increasingly threatened by insect pests like aphids and codling moths (Cydia pomonella). This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of three popular apricot varieties Halman, Raksteykarpo, and Narmo to aphid infestations, and three apple varieties Tha-kushu, Mongol, and Phemar-khushu to codling moth damage. Field surveys were conducted in orchards across the Leh district during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons to assess pest incidence and varietal response. The results showed that Halman was the most susceptible to aphids among apricots, with an infestation rate of 47.76%, followed by Raksteykarpo (38.44%). In contrast, Narmo exhibited the lowest infestation (23.11%) and demonstrated moderate resistance. Similarly, in apples, Tha-kushu suffered the highest fruit damage from codling moths (55.49%), followed by Mongol (36.66%), while Phemar-khushu experienced the least damage (26.83%), likely due to its early maturation, which limited its exposure to multiple pest generations. These findings underscore the importance of selecting pest-tolerant cultivars for sustainable fruit farming in Ladakh. While none of the varieties was entirely resistant, Narmo and Phemar-khushu showed promising levels of tolerance, making them more suitable for cultivation in pest-prone regions. As climate change continues to impact pest dynamics, further research on plant resistance traits and eco-friendly pest management strategies is crucial. Identifying naturally resilient cultivars will not only support breeding programs but also help local farmers adopt sustainable agricultural practices while reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Halman was the most susceptible apricot cultivar to aphids, with 47.76% infestation.
- Taxon
- apricots
Prunus armeniacae1 - Material
- Halmane1
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae1pest
- Outcome
- infestation ratee1
- Value
- 47.76%e1
- Qualifier
- most susceptiblee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that Halman was the most susceptible to aphids among apricots, with an infestation rate of 47.76%, followed by Raksteykarpo (38.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Raksteykarpo apricot had 38.44% aphid infestation.
- Taxon
- apricotsPrunus armeniacae1
- Material
- Raksteykarpoe1
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae1pest
- Outcome
- infestation ratee1
- Value
- 38.44%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that Halman was the most susceptible to aphids among apricots, with an infestation rate of 47.76%, followed by Raksteykarpo (38.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Narmo apricot had the lowest aphid infestation, 23.11%, and showed moderate resistance.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Material
- Narmoe2
- Outcome
- infestatione2
- Value
- 23.11%e2
- Qualifier
- moderate resistancee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple and Apricot Cultivars”
e2“In contrast, Narmo exhibited the lowest infestation (23.11%) and demonstrated moderate resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Tha-kushu apple had the highest codling moth fruit damage, 55.49%.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae3 - Material
- Tha-kushue3
- Interactor
- codling moths
Cydia pomonellae3pest - Outcome
- fruit damagee3
- Value
- 55.49%e3
- Qualifier
- higheste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, in apples, Tha-kushu suffered the highest fruit damage from codling moths (55.49%), followed by Mongol (36.66%), while Phemar-khushu experienced the least damage (26.83%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongol apple had 36.66% codling moth fruit damage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae3
- Material
- Mongole3
- Interactor
- codling mothsCydia pomonellae3pest
- Outcome
- fruit damagee3
- Value
- 36.66%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, in apples, Tha-kushu suffered the highest fruit damage from codling moths (55.49%), followed by Mongol (36.66%), while Phemar-khushu experienced the least damage (26.83%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phemar-khushu apple had the least codling moth fruit damage, 26.83%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae3
- Material
- Phemar-khushue3
- Interactor
- codling mothsCydia pomonellae3pest
- Outcome
- fruit damagee3
- Value
- 26.83%e3
- Qualifier
- least damagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, in apples, Tha-kushu suffered the highest fruit damage from codling moths (55.49%), followed by Mongol (36.66%), while Phemar-khushu experienced the least damage (26.83%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Narmo apricot showed promising levels of tolerance to the pests.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Material
- Narmoe4
- Outcome
- levels of tolerancee4
- Qualifier
- promisinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple and Apricot Cultivars”
e4“While none of the varieties was entirely resistant, Narmo and Phemar-khushu showed promising levels of tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Phemar-khushu apple showed promising levels of tolerance to the pests.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Phemar-khushue4
- Outcome
- levels of tolerancee4
- Qualifier
- promisinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple and Apricot Cultivars”
e4“While none of the varieties was entirely resistant, Narmo and Phemar-khushu showed promising levels of tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the apricot or apple cultivars was entirely resistant.
- Taxon
- Apple and ApricotMalus domesticaPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- entirely resistante4
- Qualifier
- none of the varietiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple and Apricot Cultivars”
e4“While none of the varieties was entirely resistant, Narmo and Phemar-khushu showed promising levels of tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Phemar-khushu apple likely escaped damage because its early maturation limited its exposure to multiple pest generations.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae3
- Outcome
- damagee3
- Qualifier
- early maturatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, in apples, Tha-kushu suffered the highest fruit damage from codling moths (55.49%), followed by Mongol (36.66%), while Phemar-khushu experienced the least damage (26.83%)”
e5“likely due to its early maturation, which limited its exposure to multiple pest generations”