Abstract
Abstract Background With the rapid increase in industrialization, irrigation through waste or sewage water is a common practice due to low and scarce freshwater supply. Plants are exposed to hazardous metals that accumulate in plant tissues and negatively affect them. Therefore, current study aimed to investigate the phytodiversity and morpho-anatomical modification of wild plants irrigated by tannery effluents. Six wild plant species were collected from different sites of Multan near tannery industries through the quadrate method. Results Results indicated that Cynodon dactylon L. had the highest relative cover, relative frequency, relative density, and important index value, i.e., 35, 10, 30, and 75% followed by other species. The morpho-anatomical modifications showed a reduction in leaf characteristics in C. dactylon , Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, Polypogon monpeliensis L., Solanum nigrum L., Triticum aestivum L., except in Asparagus adscendens Roxb . A decrease in leaf length was observed in all species with maximum reduction of 55% in T. aestiv um followed by P. monpeliensis . Similarly, reduction in metaxylem area was observed in T. aestivum , whereas sclerenchymatous thickness found to increase in P. monpeliensis by 15%. Asparagus adscendens showed decrease by 70% in comparison to other species. Conclusion Variation in the trend of the morpho-anatomical parameters as well as phytodiversity helps to understand the tolerance potential of the wild plants under wastewater irrigation released by tannery industries and that adverse developmental features in wild plants could be used as bioindicators of toxic heavy metal pollution.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cynodon dactylon had the highest relative cover, frequency, density and importance index.
- Taxon
- Cynodon dactylon L.
Cynodon dactylone0 - Outcome
- relative cover, relative frequency, relative density, and important index valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 35, 10, 30, and 75%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon L. had the highest relative cover, relative frequency, relative density, and important index value, i.e., 35, 10, 30, and 75%”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf characteristics were reduced in C. dactylon, Eragrostis barrelieri, and Polypogon monpeliensis.
- Taxon
- C. dactylonCynodon dactylone0
- Outcome
- leaf characteristicse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The morpho-anatomical modifications showed a reduction in leaf characteristics in C. dactylon , Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, Polypogon monpeliensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf characteristics were reduced in Solanum nigrum and Triticum aestivum.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrum L.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Outcome
- leaf characteristicse1
- Direction
- reductione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Solanum nigrum L., Triticum aestivum L., except in Asparagus adscendens Roxb”
t0“morpho-anatomical modification of the wild plants irrigated by tannery effluents”
e1“The morpho-anatomical modifications showed a reduction in leaf characteristics in C. dactylon , Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, Polypogon monpeliensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf length decreased in all studied species, with the greatest reduction in wheat.
Verbatim
e0“A decrease in leaf length was observed in all species with maximum reduction of 55% in T. aestiv um followed by P. monpeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Metaxylem area decreased in T. aestivum.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- metaxylem areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in metaxylem area was observed in T. aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sclerenchyma thickness increased by 15% in P. monpeliensis.
Verbatim
e0“sclerenchymatous thickness found to increase in P. monpeliensis by 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Asparagus adscendens showed a 70% decrease relative to other species.
- Taxon
- Asparagus adscendens
Asparagus adscendense0 - Outcome
- decreasee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Comparator
- other speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Asparagus adscendens showed decrease by 70% in comparison to other species”