Abstract
The productivity of organic farming relies on locally available or prepared organic inputs. One such locally organic formulation, fermented egg extract (FEE), requires scientific evaluation of its physicochemical and biological properties, as well as optimisation of its foliar spray concentration for enhanced rice growth and productivity. Preparation of FEE was carried out by immersing 10 eggs in lemon juice (extracted from 20-25 lemons) for 10 days. Then, eggs were crushed well and 250 g of jaggery was supplemented and set aside for another 10 days. The filtered liquid formulation was taken for laboratory analysis. The results on physicochemical and biological properties showed that the pH was acidic (4.8) and EC was 9.85 dSm-1. It contains a considerable amount of plant nutrients such as N (0.93%), P (0.13%), K (0.15%), Ca (292 ppm), Mg (112 ppm), S (7.93 ppm), Cu (0.3 ppm), Zn (7.9 ppm), Mn (0.17 ppm) and Fe (8.4 ppm). Microbial populations namely total fungi, bacteria and actinobacteria found in FEE were 15 × 104, 197 × 106 and 3.23 × 102 (CFU ml-1), respectively. A field study was carried out for 2 consecutive years to evaluate the impact of foliar spray of different FEE concentrations at panicle initiation and flowering stages of rice. The findings indicate that foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twice significantly improved growth, yield attributes, grain productivity (4897 kg/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.27) compared to untreated control. Thus, 2.0% fermented egg extract foliar application is identified as a potential nutrient formulation to enhance the productivity of organic rice.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract was acidic, with a pH of 4.8.
Verbatim
e0“the pH was acidic (4.8)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract had an EC of 9.85 dSm-1.
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e0“EC was 9.85 dSm-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 0.93% N.
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e0“N (0.93%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 0.13% P.
Verbatim
e0“P (0.13%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 0.15% K.
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e0“K (0.15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 292 ppm Ca.
Verbatim
e0“Ca (292 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 112 ppm Mg.
Verbatim
e0“Mg (112 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 7.93 ppm S.
Verbatim
e0“S (7.93 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 0.3 ppm Cu.
Verbatim
e0“Cu (0.3 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 7.9 ppm Zn.
Verbatim
e0“Zn (7.9 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 0.17 ppm Mn.
Verbatim
e0“Mn (0.17 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fermented egg extract contained 8.4 ppm Fe.
Verbatim
e0“Fe (8.4 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fungi in the fermented egg extract numbered 15 x 10^4 CFU per ml.
Verbatim
e0“total fungi, bacteria and actinobacteria found in FEE were 15 × 104, 197 × 106 and 3.23 × 102 (CFU ml-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria in the fermented egg extract numbered 197 x 10^6 CFU per ml.
Verbatim
e0“total fungi, bacteria and actinobacteria found in FEE were 15 × 104, 197 × 106 and 3.23 × 102 (CFU ml-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria in the fermented egg extract numbered 3.23 x 10^2 CFU per ml.
Verbatim
e0“total fungi, bacteria and actinobacteria found in FEE were 15 × 104, 197 × 106 and 3.23 × 102 (CFU ml-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray of 2.0% FEE applied twice significantly improved rice growth and yield attributes compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twicee0
- Outcome
- growth, yield attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twice significantly improved growth, yield attributes, grain productivity (4897 kg/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.27) compared to untreated control”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray of 2.0% FEE applied twice significantly increased rice grain productivity to 4897 kg/ha compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twicee0
- Outcome
- grain productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4897 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twice significantly improved growth, yield attributes, grain productivity (4897 kg/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.27) compared to untreated control”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray of 2.0% FEE applied twice significantly improved the benefit-cost ratio of rice to 2.27 compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twicee0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 2.27e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of 2.0% FEE twice significantly improved growth, yield attributes, grain productivity (4897 kg/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.27) compared to untreated control”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify 2.0% fermented egg extract foliar application as a potential nutrient formulation to enhance the productivity of organic rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 2.0% fermented egg extract foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- productivity of organic ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2.0% fermented egg extract foliar application is identified as a potential nutrient formulation to enhance the productivity of organic rice”
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