Abstract
Weed infestations significantly threaten agricultural productivity, particularly in maize cultivation. To enhance weed control efficiency through a sustainable approach, it was aimed to design a moisture-triggered herbicide release system using biodegradable polymers. Atrazine was used as a model herbicide in the protocol developed. The pot culture and field experiments were conducted, including nine treatments with three replications in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Block Design (RBD) respectively. The treatments comprised three atrazine-loaded hydrogel formulations (A, B and C) at rates of 1.5 and 1.2 kg a.i. ha-1 (active ingredient per hectare), a commercial atrazine formulation, a weed-free check and an absolute control. The pot and field validation results revealed that atrazine formulations (C) at both rates exhibited higher weed control efficiency due to increased active ingredient concentration. The higher values of all growth and yield parameters were reported with application of formulation (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1. The higher grain and stover yields of 6444 and 14397 kg ha-1, was reported with the application of formulation mix (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 among the herbicidal treatments. In contrast, the application of commercial atrazine resulted in lower weed control efficiency, growth and yield, likely attributed to leaching potential and pre-emergence-only application. The study highlights the potential benefits of atrazine-loaded formulations for efficient weed control in maize cultivation, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and enhanced crop productivity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Formulation C at both rates had higher weed-control efficiency.
- Treatment
- atrazine formulations (C) at both ratese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine formulations (C) at both rates exhibited higher weed control efficiency”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulation C at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 gave higher growth parameters.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher values of all growth and yield parameters were reported with application of formulation (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulation C at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 gave higher yield parameters.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher values of all growth and yield parameters were reported with application of formulation (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulation C at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 produced 6444 kg ha-1 grain yield, higher among herbicide treatments.
- Treatment
- formulation mix (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6444e0
- Comparator
- herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher grain and stover yields of 6444 and 14397 kg ha-1, was reported with the application of formulation mix (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 among the herbicidal treatments”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulation C at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 produced 14397 kg ha-1 stover yield, higher among herbicide treatments.
- Treatment
- formulation mix (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- stover yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14397 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher grain and stover yields of 6444 and 14397 kg ha-1, was reported with the application of formulation mix (C) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 among the herbicidal treatments”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial atrazine gave lower weed-control efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of commercial atrazine resulted in lower weed control efficiency, growth and yield”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial atrazine gave lower maize growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of commercial atrazine resulted in lower weed control efficiency, growth and yield”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial atrazine gave lower maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of commercial atrazine resulted in lower weed control efficiency, growth and yield”
t0“Maize (Zea Mays L.)”
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