Abstract
Abstract Drought is one of the major environmental constraints limiting plant growth and development. The current investigation used polyethylene glycol (PEG 5 and 10%) to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control. After 48, 72, 96 and 108 h (h) of sowing, the germination percentage (G %) was observed, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that G % significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased in 10% PEG treatment. The decrease in the seedling length (SL) with drought stress intensity were observed after 5, 7 and 9 days of germination. Different genotypes had different root–shoot ratios, and were reduced significantly when subjected to 10% PEG treatment. Likewise, PEG treatment decreased the relative water content (RWC), seedling biomass (SB) and seedling vigor index (SVI) of 9-day-old seedlings significantly. The α-amylase activity had increased from 0.15 to 0.26 mg maltose g −1 h −1 FW when measured 24 and 48 h after seeding, respectively. However, average activity was decreased from 0.32 to 0.20 mg maltose g −1 h −1 FW under 10% PEG treatment after 48 h of sowing. The heat map revealed a strong and positive correlation ( p < 0.05) between the final germination percentage (FGP) and SVI, as well as SL and SVI. Genotypes (IC-0285908, IC-0287137, IC-0409422, IC-0409429, IC-0253658, and IG-02-382) having high-stress tolerance index value (STI > 70) are grouped into high drought tolerant categories. The identified genotypes from this study can be used in future drought stress breeding programs and for the identification of genomic region(s) governing drought tolerance in sorghum.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PEG 10% significantly decreased germination percentage in fodder sorghum relative to distilled water.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e1“the germination percentage (G %) was observed, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that G % significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased in 10% PEG treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling length of fodder sorghum decreased with increasing drought stress intensity.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e2“The decrease in the seedling length (SL) with drought stress intensity were observed after 5, 7 and 9 days of germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Root–shoot ratios of fodder sorghum genotypes were significantly reduced under 10% PEG treatment.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e3“Different genotypes had different root–shoot ratios, and were reduced significantly when subjected to 10% PEG treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG treatment significantly decreased relative water content, seedling biomass and seedling vigor index of 9-day-old fodder sorghum seedlings relative to distilled water.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e4“PEG treatment decreased the relative water content (RWC), seedling biomass (SB) and seedling vigor index (SVI) of 9-day-old seedlings significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-amylase activity of fodder sorghum seedlings increased from 0.15 to 0.26 mg maltose per g per h FW at 24 and 48 h after sowing.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e5“The α-amylase activity had increased from 0.15 to 0.26 mg maltose g −1 h −1 FW when measured 24 and 48 h after seeding, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 10% PEG treatment, average alpha-amylase activity of fodder sorghum decreased from 0.32 to 0.20 mg maltose per g per h FW after 48 h.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e6“However, average activity was decreased from 0.32 to 0.20 mg maltose g −1 h −1 FW under 10% PEG treatment after 48 h of sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Final germination percentage and seedling vigor index of fodder sorghum were strongly and positively correlated.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e7“The heat map revealed a strong and positive correlation ( p < 0.05) between the final germination percentage (FGP) and SVI, as well as SL and SVI”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling length and seedling vigor index of fodder sorghum were strongly and positively correlated.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e7“The heat map revealed a strong and positive correlation ( p < 0.05) between the final germination percentage (FGP) and SVI, as well as SL and SVI”
Claim · model-written summary
Six fodder sorghum genotypes with stress tolerance index above 70 are grouped into high drought tolerant categories.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e4“Genotypes (IC-0285908, IC-0287137, IC-0409422, IC-0409429, IC-0253658, and IG-02-382) having high-stress tolerance index value (STI > 70) are grouped into high drought tolerant categories”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified fodder sorghum genotypes can be used in future drought stress breeding programs.
Verbatim
e0“to screen twenty-two fodder sorghum genotypes for drought stress compared to distilled water as a control”
e4“can be used in future drought stress breeding programs”
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