Abstract
Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’ serves as a primary afforestation species in coastal saline–alkali soils, yet its healthy growth is significantly constrained by excessive soil salinity and nutrient deficiencies. This study investigated the synergistic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with organic amendments (biochar/straw) on ameliorating soil amelioration and plant adaptation. Six treatments were implemented: Control (CK), Biochar (B), Straw (S), AMF (M), AMF+Biochar (M+B), and AMF+Straw (M+S), with physiological and edaphic parameters monitored over two growth cycles. The results revealed that the M+B treatment demonstrated superior performance, achieving the lowest soil pH (8.06) and electrical conductivity (0.25 mS/cm) alongside reduced Na+ accumulation in plant tissues (0.28–0.88 mg/g). Synergistic effects were evident in enhanced chlorophyll synthesis, soluble protein production, and antioxidant enzyme activation. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed that soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth through upregulation of soluble proteins (path coefficient: 0.54) and antioxidant activity (0.22), with cumulative indirect effects (0.88) outweighing direct inhibition (−0.36). These finding provide actionable insights for coastal afforestation strategies using microbial–organic material co-application.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The M+B treatment gave the lowest soil pH (8.06) among the treatments.
TaxodiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e0“The results revealed that the M+B treatment demonstrated superior performance, achieving the lowest soil pH (8.06) and electrical conductivity (0.25 mS/cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The M+B treatment gave the lowest electrical conductivity (0.25 mS/cm) among the treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e0“The results revealed that the M+B treatment demonstrated superior performance, achieving the lowest soil pH (8.06) and electrical conductivity (0.25 mS/cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The M+B treatment reduced Na+ accumulation in plant tissues.
- Organ / stage
- plant tissuese1
- Treatment
- M+Be0
- Outcome
- Na+ accumulation in plant tissuese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 0.28–0.88 mg/ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e0“The results revealed that the M+B treatment demonstrated superior performance”
e1“alongside reduced Na+ accumulation in plant tissues (0.28–0.88 mg/g)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF with biochar or straw enhanced chlorophyll synthesis, soluble protein production and antioxidant enzyme activation.
- Treatment
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with organic amendments (biochar/straw)e3
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e3symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesis, soluble protein production, and antioxidant enzyme activatione2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e2“Synergistic effects were evident in enhanced chlorophyll synthesis, soluble protein production, and antioxidant enzyme activation”
e3“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with organic amendments (biochar/straw)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth through upregulation of soluble proteins (path coefficient 0.54).
- Treatment
- soil nitrogen availabilitye4
- Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Value
- 0.54e4
- Qualifier
- through upregulation of soluble proteinse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e4“soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth through upregulation of soluble proteins (path coefficient: 0.54) and antioxidant activity (0.22)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth through antioxidant activity (path coefficient 0.22).
- Treatment
- soil nitrogen availabilitye4
- Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Value
- 0.22e4
- Qualifier
- antioxidant activitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e4“soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth through upregulation of soluble proteins (path coefficient: 0.54) and antioxidant activity (0.22)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative indirect effects of soil nitrogen availability on growth (0.88) outweighed the direct inhibition.
- Treatment
- soil nitrogen availabilitye4
- Outcome
- cumulative indirect effectse5
- Direction
- outweighinge5
- Value
- 0.88e5
- Comparator
- direct inhibitione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e4“soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth”
e5“cumulative indirect effects (0.88) outweighing direct inhibition (−0.36)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct effect of soil nitrogen availability on growth was inhibitory (−0.36).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Taxodium”
e4“soil nitrogen availability indirectly stimulated growth”
e5“cumulative indirect effects (0.88) outweighing direct inhibition (−0.36)”