Abstract
Mungbean is a key leguminous crop species highly regarded for its nutritious properties. However, soil salinity greatly reduced its growth and yield. Our study investigated whether applying exogenous nitrogen (N) (ammonium nitrate; AN) could improve salinity tolerance in mungbean seedlings by supplementing them with N under different concentrations of NaCl stress. Results revealed that the increased NaCl stress levels significantly reduced shoot height, root length, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll pigment. In contrast, increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde, organic solutes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugar), antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase, and abscisic acid were significantly elevated. Jasmonic acid (JA) increased at 40 mM stress and decreased at 120 mM stress level. There was also a significant reduction in the concentration of cytokinin, indole acetic acid, and N-metabolizing enzymes, viz. nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity. In contrast, N supplementation reduced H2O2 and MDA but improved chlorophyll levels, osmolytes, phytohormones, N assimilation potential, and enzymatic antioxidant activity. Exogenous N supplementation reduced the impairments by improving their growth and metabolism. Conclusively, AN application may provide an effective strategy for improving salinity tolerance and mitigating damage caused by salinity by modulating physiological responses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl stress reduced mungbean shoot height, root length and fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- increased NaCl stress levelse0
- Outcome
- shoot height, root length, fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“increased NaCl stress levels significantly reduced shoot height, root length, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll pigment.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl stress reduced mungbean chlorophyll pigment.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- increased NaCl stress levelse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased NaCl stress levels significantly reduced shoot height, root length, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll pigment.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresst1
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde, organic solutes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugar), antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase, and abscisic acid were significantly elevated.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
t1“salinity stress tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased soluble protein, proline and soluble sugar.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresst1
- Outcome
- soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugare0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic solutes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugar), antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase, and abscisic acid were significantly elevated.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
t1“salinity stress tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress elevated superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresst1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalasee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase, and abscisic acid were significantly elevated.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
t1“salinity stress tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress elevated peroxidase and abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresst1
- Outcome
- peroxidase, and abscisic acide0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase, and abscisic acid were significantly elevated.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
t1“salinity stress tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid increased at 40 mM stress and decreased at 120 mM.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 40 mM stresse0
- Outcome
- Jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased at 120 mM stress levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jasmonic acid (JA) increased at 40 mM stress and decreased at 120 mM stress level.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced cytokinin and indole acetic acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresst1
- Outcome
- concentration of cytokinin, indole acetic acide0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction in the concentration of cytokinin, indole acetic acid, and N-metabolizing enzymes”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
t1“salinity stress tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced nitrate reductase and glutamate synthase activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresst1
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction in the concentration of cytokinin, indole acetic acid, and N-metabolizing enzymes, viz. nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
t1“salinity stress tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supplementation lowered hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde under salinity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- N supplementatione0
- Outcome
- H2O2 and MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supplementation reduced H2O2 and MDA but improved chlorophyll levels, osmolytes, phytohormones, N assimilation potential, and enzymatic antioxidant activity.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supplementation improved chlorophyll, osmolytes and phytohormones under salinity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- N supplementatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll levels, osmolytes, phytohormonese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supplementation reduced H2O2 and MDA but improved chlorophyll levels, osmolytes, phytohormones, N assimilation potential, and enzymatic antioxidant activity.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supplementation improved nitrogen assimilation and antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- N supplementatione0
- Outcome
- N assimilation potential, and enzymatic antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supplementation reduced H2O2 and MDA but improved chlorophyll levels, osmolytes, phytohormones, N assimilation potential, and enzymatic antioxidant activity.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nitrogen improved mungbean growth and metabolism under salinity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous N supplementatione0
- Outcome
- growth and metabolisme0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous N supplementation reduced the impairments by improving their growth and metabolism.”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
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