Abstract
Three different plant powders, i.e. banana leaves, turmeric rhizomes and dill leaves were studied as repellents and for their biological effects on the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) when added to cowpea seeds as surface treatment at 4% w/w level_ After 1 day of exposure, banana powder was found to be a very good repellent, it has the highest repellency factor (-89) representing 96% of the insects avoiding it. Turmeric and dill powders, also strongly repelled the insects after the first day. Thereafter, repellency of all powders decreased but was more rapidly with banana powder than turmeric and dill. Egg production of the newly emerged adults exposed to all tested powders, highly decreased than control. Banana powder was superior in this respect, and its significant reduction effect continued up to 4 weeks. Percentage of hatchability of produced eggs was significantly reduced, but turmeric powder was superior in this respect. Moreover, its effectiveness continued up to 4 weeks, then lowered but still effective. All the tested powders greatly and significantly reduced the percentage of Fl emergence. Turmeric powder was the most effective powder in protecting the cowpea seeds against the insect infestation. The bioresidual activity of all tested powders continucd up to 6 weeks after storage but with slightly lower rates (averaged between 0.78 and 0.9) as compared with initial treatment.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Banana powder repelled the cowpea weevil after one day, with repellency factor -89 and 96% avoidance.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- banana powdere0
- Outcome
- repellency factore0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- -89e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“banana powder was found to be a very good repellent, it has the highest repellency factor (-89) representing 96% of the insects avoiding it”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric and dill powders strongly repelled the insects after one day.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Turmeric and dill powderse0
- Outcome
- insectse0
- Direction
- strongly repellede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric and dill powders, also strongly repelled the insects after the first day”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Repellency declined for all powders, faster with banana than turmeric and dill.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- banana powdere0
- Outcome
- repellencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- turmeric and dille0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“repellency of all powders decreased but was more rapidly with banana powder than turmeric and dill”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested powders reduced egg production compared with control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- all tested powderse0
- Outcome
- Egg productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Egg production of the newly emerged adults exposed to all tested powders, highly decreased than control”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana powder had the strongest egg production reduction, continuing up to four weeks.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Banana powdere0
- Outcome
- reduction effecte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- up to 4 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Banana powder was superior in this respect, and its significant reduction effect continued up to 4 weeks”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Powders significantly reduced egg hatchability; turmeric was strongest.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- turmeric powdere0
- Outcome
- Percentage of hatchabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of hatchability of produced eggs was significantly reduced, but turmeric powder was superior in this respect”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric hatchability effect continued for four weeks, then weakened but remained effective.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- effectivenesse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- up to 4 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its effectiveness continued up to 4 weeks, then lowered but still effective”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
All powders significantly reduced F1 emergence.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- All the tested powderse0
- Outcome
- percentage of Fl emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the tested powders greatly and significantly reduced the percentage of Fl emergence”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric best protected cowpea seed from insect infestation.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Turmeric powdere0
- Outcome
- protecting the cowpea seeds against the insect infestatione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric powder was the most effective powder in protecting the cowpea seeds against the insect infestation”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
All powders retained bioresidual activity for six weeks at somewhat lower rates.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- bioresidual activitye0
- Direction
- lower ratese0
- Value
- 0.78 and 0.9e0
- Qualifier
- up to 6 weeks after storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bioresidual activity of all tested powders continucd up to 6 weeks after storage but with slightly lower rates (averaged between 0.78 and 0.9)”
t0“COWPEA”
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