Abstract
Abstract Sulfur (S) deficiency in soils has become a common problem in Brazilian sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) fields due to high nutrient extraction by the crop without adequate replacement. Five field trials were conducted in Brazil over two consecutive ratoon cycles to evaluate S fertilizer sources and application rates and their residual effects on soil S availability and sugarcane yield. The treatments included (1) two S application rates (50 and 100 kg S ha −1 ), (2) four S sources (gypsum, elemental sulfur [ES], ammonium sulfate [AS], and polysulfate [PS]), and (3) a control (no S application). The PS and AS were applied in band over sugarcane rows, whereas gypsum and ES were broadcast during the first ratoon, subsequently, no S was reapplied and residual effects were assessed in the second ratoon. The broadcast application of gypsum at 100 kg S ha −1 increased the available soil S concentration after 6 and 12 months. However, S levels remained below 10 mg dm −3 after two ratoon harvests, regardless of the S source. Leaf S concentration increased after band application of PS at 100 kg S ha −1 in both ratoon cycles and after broadcast application of ES and gypsum (residual effect) in the second ratoon. Stalk yield increased by an average of 5–7 Mg ha −1 across sites in the first ratoon with S sources application. In the second ratoon, significant residual effects of S sources led to an increase in stalk yield, averaging 7–9 Mg ha −1 compared to the control. Our findings indicate that S fertilization should be applied annually, with sulfate‐based fertilizers preferred in the short term. ES shows potential for long‐term S supply.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast gypsum at 100 kg S ha −1 increased available soil S after six and twelve months.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- broadcast application of gypsum at 100 kg S ha −1e0
- Outcome
- available soil S concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The broadcast application of gypsum at 100 kg S ha −1 increased the available soil S concentration after 6 and 12 months.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil S remained below 10 mg dm −3 after two ratoon harvests regardless of source.
Verbatim
e0“S levels remained below 10 mg dm −3 after two ratoon harvests, regardless of the S source.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Band-applied PS at 100 kg S ha −1 increased leaf S in both ratoon cycles.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- band application of PS at 100 kg S ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Leaf S concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Leaf S concentration increased after band application of PS at 100 kg S ha −1 in both ratoon cycles”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast ES increased leaf S in the second ratoon.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- broadcast application of ESe0
- Outcome
- Leaf S concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Leaf S concentration increased after band application of PS at 100 kg S ha −1 in both ratoon cycles and after broadcast application of ES and gypsum (residual effect) in the second ratoon.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast gypsum increased leaf S in the second ratoon through a residual effect.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Leaf S concentration increased after band application of PS at 100 kg S ha −1 in both ratoon cycles and after broadcast application of ES and gypsum (residual effect) in the second ratoon.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur sources increased first-ratoon stalk yield by 5–7 Mg ha −1 across sites.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- S sources applicatione0
- Outcome
- Stalk yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5–7 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Stalk yield increased by an average of 5–7 Mg ha −1 across sites in the first ratoon with S sources application.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual sulfur fertilizer increased second-ratoon stalk yield by 7–9 Mg ha −1 over control.
Verbatim
e0“In the second ratoon, significant residual effects of S sources led to an increase in stalk yield, averaging 7–9 Mg ha −1 compared to the control.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend annual sulfur fertilization.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings indicate that S fertilization should be applied annually”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors prefer sulfate-based fertilizers in the short term.
Verbatim
e0“with sulfate‐based fertilizers preferred in the short term.”
t0“sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
ES shows potential for long-term sulfur supply.
Verbatim
e0“ES shows potential for long‐term S supply.”
t0“sugarcane”
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