Abstract
Acid soils cause soil fertility problems such as Al and Mn toxicity, Ca, Mg, N deficiency and P fixation. These are constraints to high crop yields. Historically, liming is the common management practice used to neutralize soil acidity and to overcome the problems associated with soil acidification. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cropping systems, lime placement methods and lime rates on some soil chemical properties and nutrient uptake by sugarcane during the plant crop and ratoon one cycle under acidified Cambisols of Kibos, Kisumu, Kenya. A Split - split plot in randomized complete block arrangement was employed. The factors and respective levels (in parenthesis were): main plot; two cropping systems (sugarcane monoculture [MC] and intercropped sugarcane and soybeans [IC]). The sub – plots were three lime placement methods (lime broadcasted [L-BC], lime shallow banded, 0 – 15 cm [L-SB] and lime deep banded, 15 – 30 cm (L-DB] and the sub - sub plots were three lime rates (0, 1 and 2 t ha-1). Lime rate of 2 t ha-1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil pH to 6.4 and 5.2 as determined in water and 1 N KCl, respectively compared to 1 t ha-1 and control (0 t ha-1). Increased lime rate led to decreased levels of manganese, iron, and copper hence confirms the inverse relationship between soil pH and these micronutrients. Lime deep banded (L-DB) increased soil pH and available phosphorus for soil depth 15 – 30 cm compared to lime shallow banded (L-SB) and lime broadcasted (L-BC). Intercropped sugarcane and soybeans (IC) led to increased soil acidity and soil organic carbon (SOC) than did sugarcane monoculture (MC). For nutrient content of sugarcane leaves, IC system led to increased Ca and Mn compared to MC. Lime broadcasted (L-BC) caused high nitrogen and phosphorus content of sugarcane leaves and lime shallow banded resulted in increased Ca and Zn content of sugarcane to optimum levels. In view of the findings, the lime rate of 2 t ha-1 is recommended for use to ameliorate soil acidity for acidified Cambisols of Kibos, Kisumu County, Kenya. Lime broadcasted (L-BC) is preferred to ameliorate acidity at top depth (0 – 15 cm) while lime banded both (L-SB) and L-DB) is preferred to reduce sub - soil acidity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Lime at 2 t ha-1 raised soil pH in water to 6.4 compared with 1 t ha-1 and the control.
Verbatim
e1“acidified Cambisols of Kibos, Kisumu, Kenya”
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e3“Lime rate of 2 t ha-1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil pH to 6.4 and 5.2 as determined in water and 1 N KCl, respectively compared to 1 t ha-1 and control (0 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime at 2 t ha-1 raised soil pH in 1 N KCl to 5.2 compared with 1 t ha-1 and the control.
Verbatim
e1“acidified Cambisols of Kibos, Kisumu, Kenya”
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e3“Lime rate of 2 t ha-1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil pH to 6.4 and 5.2 as determined in water and 1 N KCl, respectively compared to 1 t ha-1 and control (0 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased lime rate lowered soil manganese, iron and copper levels, consistent with an inverse relation to soil pH.
Verbatim
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e4“Increased lime rate led to decreased levels of manganese, iron, and copper hence confirms the inverse relationship between soil pH and these micronutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep banded lime raised soil pH and available phosphorus at 15-30 cm compared with shallow banded and broadcast lime.
Verbatim
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e5“Lime deep banded (L-DB) increased soil pH and available phosphorus for soil depth 15 – 30 cm compared to lime shallow banded (L-SB) and lime broadcasted (L-BC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugarcane with soybean increased soil acidity compared with sugarcane monoculture.
Verbatim
e6“Intercropped sugarcane and soybeans (IC) led to increased soil acidity and soil organic carbon (SOC) than did sugarcane monoculture (MC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugarcane with soybean increased soil organic carbon compared with sugarcane monoculture.
Verbatim
e6“Intercropped sugarcane and soybeans (IC) led to increased soil acidity and soil organic carbon (SOC) than did sugarcane monoculture (MC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased leaf calcium and manganese content of sugarcane compared with monoculture.
Verbatim
e7“For nutrient content of sugarcane leaves, IC system led to increased Ca and Mn compared to MC”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast lime caused high nitrogen and phosphorus content in sugarcane leaves.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee2
- Organ / stage
- sugarcane leavese0
- Treatment
- Lime broadcasted (L-BC)e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen and phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lime broadcasted (L-BC) caused high nitrogen and phosphorus content of sugarcane leaves”
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Shallow banded lime increased leaf calcium and zinc content of sugarcane to optimum levels.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee2
- Treatment
- lime shallow bandede0
- Outcome
- Ca and Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to optimum levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“lime shallow banded resulted in increased Ca and Zn content of sugarcane to optimum levels”
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a lime rate of 2 t ha-1 to ameliorate soil acidity in acidified Cambisols.
Verbatim
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e0“the lime rate of 2 t ha-1 is recommended for use to ameliorate soil acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend broadcast lime to ameliorate acidity at the top 0-15 cm depth.
Verbatim
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e0“Lime broadcasted (L-BC) is preferred to ameliorate acidity at top depth (0 – 15 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend banded lime to reduce subsoil acidity.
Verbatim
e2“nutrient uptake by sugarcane”
e0“lime banded both (L-SB) and L-DB) is preferred to reduce sub - soil acidity”
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