Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil threatens global food production and human health. This study investigated zinc (Zn) addition as a potential strategy to mitigate Cd stress using two barley genotypes, Dong-17 (Cd-sensitive) and WSBZ (Cd-tolerant). Hydroponically grown seedlings were treated with different Cd (0, 1.0, 10 μM) and Zn (0, 5, 50 μM) levels. Results showed that Zn addition effectively alleviated Cd induced growth inhibition, improving SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm), and biomass. Zn reduced Cd contents in roots and shoots, inhibited Cd translocation, and ameliorated Cd induced ultrastructural damage to organelles. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns between genotypes, with WSBZ showing enhanced expression of metal transporters, antioxidant defense, and stress signaling genes. Significantly, cell wall related pathways were upregulated in WSBZ, particularly lignin biosynthesis genes ( PAL , C4H , 4CL , COMT , CAD / SAD ), suggesting cell wall reinforcement as a key Cd tolerance mechanism. Zn induced upregulation of ZIP family transporters and downregulation of Cd transporters ( HvHMA ) aligned with reduced Cd accumulation. These findings provide comprehensive insights into molecular mechanisms of Zn mediated alleviation of Cd toxicity in barley, supporting improved agronomic practices for Cd contaminated soils. • Zn micronutrient counters Cd toxicity in plants, ensuring food safety and crop protection in contaminated soils. • Zn improves photosynthesis by reducing Cd induced chloroplast damage and maintaining cellular structure integrity. • Zn reduces Cd uptake by regulating Zn and Cd transporter genes, limiting metal accumulation in plant tissues. • Zn upregulates lignin biosynthesis genes, strengthening cell walls and reducing Cd translocation within barley plants. • Zn application offers eco friendly strategy for improving crop yields in Cd contaminated agricultural soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc alleviated cadmium-induced growth inhibition and improved biomass.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Zn additione0
- Outcome
- Cd induced growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn addition effectively alleviated Cd induced growth inhibition, improving SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm), and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc improved SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence efficiency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn additione0
- Outcome
- SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn addition effectively alleviated Cd induced growth inhibition, improving SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm), and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc improved biomass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn additione0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn addition effectively alleviated Cd induced growth inhibition, improving SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm), and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc reduced cadmium contents in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- Cd contents in roots and shootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn reduced Cd contents in roots and shoots, inhibited Cd translocation, and ameliorated Cd induced ultrastructural damage to organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc inhibited cadmium translocation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- Cd translocatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn reduced Cd contents in roots and shoots, inhibited Cd translocation, and ameliorated Cd induced ultrastructural damage to organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc ameliorated cadmium-induced organelle damage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- Cd induced ultrastructural damage to organellese0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn reduced Cd contents in roots and shoots, inhibited Cd translocation, and ameliorated Cd induced ultrastructural damage to organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
WSBZ showed enhanced metal transporter, antioxidant defense and stress signaling expression.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- WSBZe0
- Outcome
- expression of metal transporters, antioxidant defense, and stress signaling genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“WSBZ showing enhanced expression of metal transporters, antioxidant defense, and stress signaling genes”
Claim · model-written summary
WSBZ upregulated cell wall pathways, particularly lignin biosynthesis genes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- WSBZe0
- Gene
- PAL , C4H , 4CL , COMT , CAD / SADe0
- Outcome
- cell wall related pathwayse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“cell wall related pathways were upregulated in WSBZ, particularly lignin biosynthesis genes ( PAL , C4H , 4CL , COMT , CAD / SAD )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc upregulated ZIP family transporters.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Gene
- ZIP family transporterse0
- Outcome
- ZIP family transporterse0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn induced upregulation of ZIP family transporters and downregulation of Cd transporters ( HvHMA ) aligned with reduced Cd accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc downregulated HvHMA cadmium transporters.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Gene
- HvHMAe0
- Outcome
- Cd transporters ( HvHMA )e0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Zn induced upregulation of ZIP family transporters and downregulation of Cd transporters ( HvHMA ) aligned with reduced Cd accumulation”
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