Abstract
To evaluate the potential of barley for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by metals, we conducted a growth chamber experiment with plants exposed to various concentrations of Zn, Cd and Cr. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at 15 and 29 days after treatment application, and the metal concentration in the aerial part of the plant, the root and the soil was also measured. In all cases, the amount of metal accumulated in the plant increased by increasing the concentration of the applied metal, and the roots accumulated more metal than did the aerial part of the plant. The amount of Cr found in the soil was significantly lower than that of Cd and Zn. The toxic effect of Zn and Cd on the plant was low, affecting growth only at the highest concentrations. For Zn and Cd at the concentrations used, the decrease in water content was 14% compared with the control and 26% for Cr. For plants treated with the highest metal concentrations, the most significant differences were found in chlorophyll content, which had the lowest values compared with the control (23% for Zn, and 42% for Cd and Cr), and in chlorophyll fluorescence (2% for Zn, 23% for Cd and 29% for Cr). These decreases occurred 29 days after applying the Zn and Cd treatments. In plants treated with Cr, the decrease occurred 15 days after treatment application. Under our experimental conditions, barley is more tolerant to Zn and Cd than to Cr.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Plant metal accumulation increased with applied metal concentration.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- concentration of the applied metale0
- Outcome
- amount of metal accumulated in the plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the amount of metal accumulated in the plant increased by increasing the concentration of the applied metal”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots accumulated more metal than aerial parts.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- metale0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- aerial part of the plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots accumulated more metal than did the aerial part of the plant”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil chromium content was significantly lower than cadmium and zinc.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The amount of Cr found in the soil was significantly lower than that of Cd and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc affected barley growth only at the highest concentrations.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- only at the highest concentrationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxic effect of Zn and Cd on the plant was low, affecting growth only at the highest concentrations”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium affected barley growth only at the highest concentrations.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- only at the highest concentrationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxic effect of Zn and Cd on the plant was low, affecting growth only at the highest concentrations”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment reduced water content by 14% relative to control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Zn and Cd at the concentrations used, the decrease in water content was 14% compared with the control and 26% for Cr”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatment reduced water content by 14% relative to control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Zn and Cd at the concentrations used, the decrease in water content was 14% compared with the control and 26% for Cr”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium treatment reduced water content by 26% relative to control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Zn and Cd at the concentrations used, the decrease in water content was 14% compared with the control and 26% for Cr”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At highest concentration, zinc reduced chlorophyll content by 23%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, which had the lowest values compared with the control (23% for Zn, and 42% for Cd and Cr)”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At highest concentration, cadmium reduced chlorophyll content by 42%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, which had the lowest values compared with the control (23% for Zn, and 42% for Cd and Cr)”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At highest concentration, chromium reduced chlorophyll content by 42%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, which had the lowest values compared with the control (23% for Zn, and 42% for Cd and Cr)”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc reduced chlorophyll fluorescence by 2%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescencee0
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll fluorescence (2% for Zn, 23% for Cd and 29% for Cr)”
t0“barley”
e1“These decreases occurred 29 days after applying the Zn and Cd treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced chlorophyll fluorescence by 23%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescencee0
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll fluorescence (2% for Zn, 23% for Cd and 29% for Cr)”
t0“barley”
e1“These decreases occurred 29 days after applying the Zn and Cd treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced chlorophyll fluorescence by 29%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescencee0
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll fluorescence (2% for Zn, 23% for Cd and 29% for Cr)”
t0“barley”
e1“In plants treated with Cr, the decrease occurred 15 days after treatment application”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley was more tolerant of zinc and cadmium than chromium.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- tolerant to Zn and Cde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Cre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley is more tolerant to Zn and Cd than to Cr”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.