Abstract
To evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) on growth and selected physiological traits in barley, a greenhouse trial was performed using four barley varieties that were exposed to different concentration of these metals. The parameters quantified were growth, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence during three phenological stages: flag leaf, anthesis, and grain filling. The metal concentrations in both the plant and soil were also quantified. We determined that the varieties studied were more tolerant to Zn and Cd than to Cr. Treatment with Zn did not negatively affect growth, and only high concentrations of Cd decreased growth by approximately 4% to 8%. Plants treated with the highest Cr concentration stopped growing at the flag leaf stage. The amount of metal that accumulated in the plant increased with increasing metal concentration, and the highest amount of accumulated metal was recorded in the root and shoot. Both the plant height and dry weight were higher in the CB502 variety plants, followed by the Reinette, Pedrezuela, and Plaisant varieties. The same trend was observed for the chlorophyll content and fluorescence, with a significant correlation between the growth parameters and chlorophyll content (p
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The barley varieties were more tolerant to Zn and Cd than to Cr.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Zn and Cde0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- Cre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e0“We determined that the varieties studied were more tolerant to Zn and Cd than to Cr”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn treatment did not negatively affect barley growth.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- did not negatively affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e1“Treatment with Zn did not negatively affect growth, and only high concentrations of Cd decreased growth by approximately 4% to 8%”
Claim · model-written summary
High Cd concentrations decreased barley growth by approximately 4% to 8%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Cde1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 4% to 8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e1“Treatment with Zn did not negatively affect growth, and only high concentrations of Cd decreased growth by approximately 4% to 8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley plants treated with the highest Cr concentration stopped growing at the flag leaf stage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- flag leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- highest Cr concentratione2
- Outcome
- growinge2
- Direction
- stoppede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e2“Plants treated with the highest Cr concentration stopped growing at the flag leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The amount of metal accumulated in barley increased with increasing metal concentration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- metal concentratione3
- Outcome
- amount of metal that accumulated in the plante3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e3“The amount of metal that accumulated in the plant increased with increasing metal concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest amount of accumulated metal was recorded in the root and shoot of barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoote4
- Outcome
- highest amount of accumulated metale4
- Direction
- higheste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e4“the highest amount of accumulated metal was recorded in the root and shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and dry weight were higher in variety CB502 than in the Reinette, Pedrezuela and Plaisant varieties.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CB502e5
- Outcome
- plant height and dry weighte5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- Reinette, Pedrezuela, and Plaisante5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e5“Both the plant height and dry weight were higher in the CB502 variety plants, followed by the Reinette, Pedrezuela, and Plaisant varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content and fluorescence followed the same variety trend as growth.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and fluorescencee6
- Qualifier
- same trende6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e6“The same trend was observed for the chlorophyll content and fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth parameters and chlorophyll content were significantly correlated in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- growth parameters and chlorophyll contente7
- Qualifier
- significant correlatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Varieties of Barley”
e7“with a significant correlation between the growth parameters and chlorophyll content”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 43 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.