Abstract
Background: Fruits of the citrus family are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Aim: The study aims to perform pharmacogenetic and physicochemical analysis of the peel along with the determination of the physical standards, phytochemical analysis, phytochemical identification, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Pomelo peel oil. Methods: Pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters of the pomelo peel were analysed using the standard procedure recommended by WHO. The essential oil was extracted from the pomelo peel using Clevenger’s apparatus, and physical properties, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and chemical analysis with GC-MS were determined for the Citrus maxima oil, utilizing accepted procedures. Using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the antioxidant activity of the C. maxima oil was also assessed. Antibacterial assay of the Pomelo oil was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae using the Agar well diffusion technique and by determining the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). Results: Pharmacognostical standards for the peel and physical standards for the oil were developed, and limonene was observed as the major constituent in the oil, and Total phenol content was 62.42 ± 4.03 mg of equivalent gallic acid/g of C. maxima oil. The total amount of flavonoids in the pomelo oil is 16.48 ± 0.92. Oil of C. maxima showed potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: The study has successfully established pharmacognostical standards and physical properties for Pomelo peel oil, identifying limonene as a major constituent. The oil demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, highlighting its potential for therapeutic applications. Major Findings: Pomelo peel essential oil was found to contain limonene as the major component and demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. agalactiae. In silico docking supported its potential antibacterial efficacy, highlighting its therapeutic value.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pharmacognostical standards for pomelo peel and physical oil standards were developed.
- Taxon
- C. maxima
Citrus maximae0 - Organ / stage
- peele0
- Outcome
- Pharmacognostical standardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacognostical standards for the peel and physical standards for the oil were developed, and limonene was observed as the major constituent in the oil, and Total phenol content was 62.42 ± 4.03 mg of equivalent gallic acid/g of C. maxima oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Limonene was the major constituent of C. maxima oil.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- limonene was observed as the major constituent in the oile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacognostical standards for the peel and physical standards for the oil were developed, and limonene was observed as the major constituent in the oil, and Total phenol content was 62.42 ± 4.03 mg of equivalent gallic acid/g of C. maxima oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol content of C. maxima oil was 62.42 ± 4.03 mg of equivalent gallic acid/g.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- Total phenol contente0
- Value
- 62.42 ± 4.03 mg of equivalent gallic acid/ge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacognostical standards for the peel and physical standards for the oil were developed, and limonene was observed as the major constituent in the oil, and Total phenol content was 62.42 ± 4.03 mg of equivalent gallic acid/g of C. maxima oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total flavonoid amount in pomelo oil was 16.48 ± 0.92.
- Taxon
- pomeloCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- total amount of flavonoidse0
- Value
- 16.48 ± 0.92e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total amount of flavonoids in the pomelo oil is 16.48 ± 0.92.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. maxima oil showed antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- antioxidante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil of C. maxima showed potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. maxima oil showed antimicrobial activity.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil of C. maxima showed potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomelo oil had significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli.
- Taxon
- PomeloCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activity against E. colie0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Major Findings: Pomelo peel essential oil was found to contain limonene as the major component and demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. agalactiae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomelo oil had significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.
- Taxon
- PomeloCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Major Findings: Pomelo peel essential oil was found to contain limonene as the major component and demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. agalactiae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomelo oil had significant antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae.
- Taxon
- PomeloCitrus maximae0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. agalactiaee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Major Findings: Pomelo peel essential oil was found to contain limonene as the major component and demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. agalactiae.”
Claim · model-written summary
In silico docking supported potential antibacterial efficacy of pomelo oil.
- Taxon
- Citrus maximaCitrus maximat0
- Outcome
- potential antibacterial efficacye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In silico docking supported its potential antibacterial efficacy, highlighting its therapeutic value.”
t0“Citrus maxima”