Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important element in crop production. However, under climate change, salinization and acidification limit soil P availability and crop yield, especially rice, while the application of chemical P fertilizer causes an adverse effect on the environment. Thus, the study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) that can solubilize P and tolerate salinity (PNSB-P) in reducing Na+ in soil and plant and improving P uptake, growth, and yield of rice in salinized soils in Vietnam. An experiment with two factors was arranged in completely randomized blocks and replicated four times under greenhouse conditions. Therein, the first factor was five levels of P fertilizers: 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the local recommended level. The second factor was the PNSB-P including single strains of Cereibacter sphaeroides ST16 and ST26, the mixed strains of both C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26, and the negative control. The results showed that utilizing C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 decreased plant proline content by 2.46–6.70 µmol g-1 and soil Na+ concentration by 1.47–1.62 meq 100 g-1. Utilizing PNSB-P increased P content by 5.82–29.2 % in stem-leaf and 12.1–14.6 % in rice grain and decreased 15.1–16.4 % of Na content in stem-leaf and 8.00–15.1 % in rice grain. Moreover, utilizing PNSB-P improved soluble P content by 4.33–9.07 mg P kg-1 and total P uptake by 24.0–46.6 % compared with the negative control. The C. sphaeroides bacteria not only increased rice yield components such as the number of panicles per pot, the number of rice grains per panicle, and filled rice grain rate but also enhanced 20.7–47.6 % of rice grain yield compared with the negative control. Noticeably, utilizing mixed bacterial strains decreased 100 % of chemical P fertilizer compared with the recommendation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 reduced rice plant proline content by 2.46–6.70 µmol g-1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- utilizing C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26e0
- Interactor
- C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant proline contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.46–6.70 µmol g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilizing C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 decreased plant proline content by 2.46–6.70 µmol g-1”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 reduced soil Na+ concentration by 1.47–1.62 meq 100 g-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- utilizing C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26e0
- Interactor
- C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26e0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil Na+ concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.47–1.62 meq 100 g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilizing C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 decreased plant proline content by 2.46–6.70 µmol g-1 and soil Na+ concentration by 1.47–1.62 meq 100 g-1”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB-P increased stem-leaf phosphorus content by 5.82–29.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- stem-leafe0
- Treatment
- Utilizing PNSB-Pe0
- Interactor
- PNSB-Pe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.82–29.2 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Utilizing PNSB-P increased P content by 5.82–29.2 % in stem-leaf”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB-P increased rice grain phosphorus content by 12.1–14.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice graine0
- Treatment
- Utilizing PNSB-Pe0
- Interactor
- PNSB-Pe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.1–14.6 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Utilizing PNSB-P increased P content by 5.82–29.2 % in stem-leaf and 12.1–14.6 % in rice grain”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB-P reduced stem-leaf sodium content by 15.1–16.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- stem-leafe0
- Treatment
- Utilizing PNSB-Pe1
- Interactor
- PNSB-Pe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Na contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.1–16.4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased 15.1–16.4 % of Na content in stem-leaf”
e1“Utilizing PNSB-P increased P content”
e2“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB-P reduced rice grain sodium content by 8.00–15.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice graine0
- Treatment
- Utilizing PNSB-Pe1
- Interactor
- PNSB-Pe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Na contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8.00–15.1 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased 15.1–16.4 % of Na content in stem-leaf and 8.00–15.1 % in rice grain”
e1“Utilizing PNSB-P increased P content”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB-P increased soluble soil phosphorus content by 4.33–9.07 mg P kg-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- utilizing PNSB-Pe0
- Interactor
- PNSB-Pe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble P contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4.33–9.07 mg P kg-1e0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilizing PNSB-P improved soluble P content by 4.33–9.07 mg P kg-1 and total P uptake by 24.0–46.6 % compared with the negative control”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB-P increased total phosphorus uptake by 24.0–46.6% over the negative control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- utilizing PNSB-Pe0
- Interactor
- PNSB-Pe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total P uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 24.0–46.6 %e0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilizing PNSB-P improved soluble P content by 4.33–9.07 mg P kg-1 and total P uptake by 24.0–46.6 % compared with the negative control”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
C. sphaeroides increased panicles per pot, grains per panicle, and filled grain rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- C. sphaeroides bacteriae0
- Interactor
- C. sphaeroides
Cereibacter sphaeroidese0symbiont - Outcome
- number of panicles per pot, the number of rice grains per panicle, and filled rice grain ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C. sphaeroides bacteria not only increased rice yield components such as the number of panicles per pot, the number of rice grains per panicle, and filled rice grain rate”
Claim · model-written summary
C. sphaeroides increased rice grain yield by 20.7–47.6% over the negative control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- C. sphaeroides bacteriae0
- Interactor
- C. sphaeroidesCereibacter sphaeroidese0symbiont
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 20.7–47.6 %e0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C. sphaeroides bacteria not only increased rice yield components such as the number of panicles per pot, the number of rice grains per panicle, and filled rice grain rate but also enhanced 20.7–47.6 % of rice grain yield compared with the negative control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed bacterial strains allowed complete replacement of recommended chemical phosphorus fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- utilizing mixed bacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26e2symbiont
- Outcome
- chemical P fertilizere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 100 %e0
- Comparator
- the recommendatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilizing mixed bacterial strains decreased 100 % of chemical P fertilizer compared with the recommendation.”
e1“yield of rice in salinized soils”
e2“the mixed strains of both C. sphaeroides ST16 and ST26”
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See all 418 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.