Abstract
Aims: The present study evaluates the efficacy of eight insecticides against major okra pests (jassids, whiteflies, and shoot and fruit borer), their safety to beneficial coccinellid beetles, and their economic viability based on yield performance and cost-benefit analysis. Study Design: Randomized block design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Central Research Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, during the summer seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. Methodology: Eight insecticides, including flupyradifurone (250 g a.i./ha), diafenthiuron (300 g a.i./ha), and emamectin benzoate (7 g a.i./ha), were applied as foliar sprays at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). Pest populations, fruit damage, coccinellid counts, yield, and incremental cost-benefit ratio (ICBR) were assessed. Data were arcsine-transformed and analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Flupyradifurone reduced jassid populations by 79.84% (2.47/plant, P = 0.05), diafenthiuron whitefly populations by 79.39% (1.20/plant, P = 0.05), and emamectin benzoate fruit borer damage by 82.35% (4.12% by number, P = 0.05). Emamectin benzoate achieved the highest yield 7.54 t/ha (89.92% increase, P = 0.05) with an ICBR of 1:12.44 (Rs 66,090/ha). Emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, spinetoram, and flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations (3.89–4.25/5 leaves, P > 0.05 vs. control). Conclusion: Flupyradifurone, diafenthiuron, and emamectin benzoate were effective, ecologically safe, and economically viable pest management for okra, supporting integrated pest management strategies. Flupyradifurone, diafenthiuron, and emamectin benzoate were effective, ecologically safe, and economically viable for okra pest management, supporting integrated pest management strategies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Flupyradifurone reduced jassid populations on okra by 79.84%.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- Flupyradifuronee1
- Interactor
- jasside1pest
- Outcome
- jassid populationse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 79.84%e1
- Qualifier
- 2.47/plant, P = 0.05e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Flupyradifurone reduced jassid populations by 79.84% (2.47/plant, P = 0.05), diafenthiuron whitefly populations by 79.39% (1.20/plant, P = 0.05), and emamectin benzoate fruit borer damage by 82.35% (4.12% by number, P = 0.05)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Diafenthiuron reduced whitefly populations on okra by 79.39%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- diafenthiurone1
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populationse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 79.39%e1
- Qualifier
- 1.20/plant, P = 0.05e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flupyradifurone reduced jassid populations by 79.84% (2.47/plant, P = 0.05), diafenthiuron whitefly populations by 79.39% (1.20/plant, P = 0.05), and emamectin benzoate fruit borer damage by 82.35% (4.12% by number, P = 0.05)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate reduced okra fruit borer damage by 82.35%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Interactor
- fruit borere1pest
- Outcome
- fruit borer damagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 82.35%e1
- Qualifier
- 4.12% by numbere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flupyradifurone reduced jassid populations by 79.84% (2.47/plant, P = 0.05), diafenthiuron whitefly populations by 79.39% (1.20/plant, P = 0.05), and emamectin benzoate fruit borer damage by 82.35% (4.12% by number, P = 0.05)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate gave the highest okra yield, 7.54 t/ha, a 89.92% increase.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 7.54 t/hae2
- Qualifier
- 89.92% increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Emamectin benzoate achieved the highest yield 7.54 t/ha (89.92% increase, P = 0.05) with an ICBR of 1:12.44 (Rs 66,090/ha)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate gave an incremental cost-benefit ratio of 1:12.44 on okra, Rs 66,090/ha.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee2
- Outcome
- ICBRe2
- Value
- 1:12.44e2
- Qualifier
- Rs 66,090/hae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Emamectin benzoate achieved the highest yield 7.54 t/ha (89.92% increase, P = 0.05) with an ICBR of 1:12.44 (Rs 66,090/ha)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate preserved coccinellid populations on okra, 3.89–4.25 per 5 leaves, not significantly different from control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee3
- Interactor
- coccinellide3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid populationse3
- Direction
- preservede3
- Value
- 3.89–4.25/5 leavese3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, spinetoram, and flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations (3.89–4.25/5 leaves, P > 0.05 vs. control)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Clothianidin preserved coccinellid populations on okra, 3.89–4.25 per 5 leaves, not significantly different from control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- clothianidine3
- Interactor
- coccinellide3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid populationse3
- Direction
- preservede3
- Value
- 3.89–4.25/5 leavese3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, spinetoram, and flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations (3.89–4.25/5 leaves, P > 0.05 vs. control)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinetoram preserved coccinellid populations on okra, 3.89–4.25 per 5 leaves, not significantly different from control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- spinetorame3
- Interactor
- coccinellide3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid populationse3
- Direction
- preservede3
- Value
- 3.89–4.25/5 leavese3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, spinetoram, and flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations (3.89–4.25/5 leaves, P > 0.05 vs. control)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations on okra, 3.89–4.25 per 5 leaves, not significantly different from control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- flupyradifuronee3
- Interactor
- coccinellide3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid populationse3
- Direction
- preservede3
- Value
- 3.89–4.25/5 leavese3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, spinetoram, and flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations (3.89–4.25/5 leaves, P > 0.05 vs. control)”
e0“against major okra pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide use supports integrated pest management strategies for okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- integrated pest management strategiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“pest management for okra, supporting integrated pest management strategies”
e0“against major okra pests”
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.