Superoxide Dismutase and Isozyme Analysis in Two Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Osmotic Stress

Abstract

Climate change, driven by human activity, has accelerated global warming, leading to heightened water scarcity and drought globally. In regions like Turkey and the Mediterranean basin, changing climate patterns threaten key sectors such as agriculture, where wheat is a staple crop. This study investigated the osmotic stress tolerance of two bread wheat genotypes, Bezostaya-1 and Karahan-99, by analyzing their superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and isoenzymes under hydroponic conditions. Plants were exposed to osmotic stress at the vegetative and generative growth stages, alongside a control group. SOD enzyme activities and isozyme profiles were analyzed. The results showed that both genotypes produced different activities of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Fe-SOD isoenzymes under osmotic stress. Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD demonstrated peak activity, highlighting their vital role in mitigating oxidative damage. Total SOD activity increased significantly, especially during the generative stage, highlighting the importance of antioxidant defense mechanisms during critical growth phases under osmotic stress. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding how wheat genotypes respond biochemically to osmotic stress, particularly in the context of changing climate conditions. The results provide valuable information for the development of resistant wheat genotypes.

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