Abstract
ABSTRACT Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways are crucial components of plant defense mechanisms; however, their roles in post-harvest preservation remain inadequately explored. Cherry tomatoes are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, such as Alternaria nees , after harvest, leading to significant post-harvest losses. This study investigates the effects of oligandrin, an elicitin protein derived from Pythium oligandrum , on enhancing the resistance of harvested cherry tomatoes to A. nees . Oligandrin treatment significantly reduced disease symptoms, including black spots and decay, during storage without affecting A. nees spore germination. Treated samples exhibited enhanced activities of defense-related enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and catalase (CAT), compared to controls. Key SA-responsive genes, such as NPR1 (Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1), TGA2 (TGACG-Binding Factor 2), WRKY70 , and PR1 (Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1), were upregulated within 48 h, indicating activation of the SA signaling pathway. Additionally, JAZ1 (Jasmonate ZIM-Domain 1), a negative regulator of JA signaling, was elevated at both 24 and 48 h, while MYC2 (Myelocytomatosis 2), a transcription factor involved in the JA pathway, showed significant upregulation, suggesting activation of the JA signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that oligandrin enhances post-harvest fungal disease resistance by modulating both SA and JA pathways and sustaining elevated defense enzyme activity, offering a promising strategy for improving post-harvest preservation and quality maintenance of cherry tomatoes. IMPORTANCE This study provides compelling evidence that oligandrin activates both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in cherry tomatoes, enhancing resistance to A. nees . This dual activation not only deepens our understanding of oligandrin’s mechanisms but also underscores the potential of oligandrin and its producer P. oligandrum as a biocontrol agent for post-harvest preservation. By modulating plant immunity and promoting defense enzyme activity, oligandrin strengthens resistance to fungal diseases, offering a promising strategy for maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of berry-like crops. Given the successful use of P. oligandrum as a biopesticide in Europe and North America, oligandrin and its producer P. oligandrum present an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides for post-harvest disease management. This research lays the groundwork for further studies aimed at optimizing the application of P. oligandrum in real-world agricultural settings, establishing it as a reliable, sustainable tool for both agricultural and post-harvest management practices. These findings contribute to advancing biocontrol strategies for safer, more sustainable food production systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Oligandrin reduced black spots and decay during storage.
- Taxon
- cherry tomato
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0 - Treatment
- Oligandrin treatmente0
- Interactor
- A. neese0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease symptoms, including black spots and decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- during storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oligandrin treatment significantly reduced disease symptoms, including black spots and decay, during storage without affecting A. nees spore germination.”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Oligandrin did not affect A. nees spore germination.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- Oligandrin treatmente0
- Interactor
- A. neese0pathogen
- Outcome
- A. nees spore germinatione0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oligandrin treatment significantly reduced disease symptoms, including black spots and decay, during storage without affecting A. nees spore germination.”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Oligandrin enhanced PPO, POD and PAL activities relative to controls.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- Treated samplese0
- Outcome
- activities of defense-related enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated samples exhibited enhanced activities of defense-related enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and catalase (CAT), compared to controls.”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Oligandrin enhanced CAT activity relative to controls.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- Treated samplese0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated samples exhibited enhanced activities of defense-related enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and catalase (CAT), compared to controls.”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NPR1, TGA2 and WRKY70 were upregulated within 48 h.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Gene
- NPR1 (Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1), TGA2 (TGACG-Binding Factor 2), WRKY70e0
- Outcome
- SA-responsive genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 48 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key SA-responsive genes, such as NPR1 (Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1), TGA2 (TGACG-Binding Factor 2), WRKY70 , and PR1 (Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1), were upregulated within 48 h”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PR1 was upregulated within 48 h.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Gene
- PR1e0
- Outcome
- PR1e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 48 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and PR1 (Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1), were upregulated within 48 h”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
JAZ1 was elevated at 24 and 48 h.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Gene
- JAZ1e0
- Outcome
- JAZ1e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 24 and 48 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JAZ1 (Jasmonate ZIM-Domain 1), a negative regulator of JA signaling, was elevated at both 24 and 48 h”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MYC2 was significantly upregulated.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Gene
- MYC2e0
- Outcome
- MYC2e0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYC2 (Myelocytomatosis 2), a transcription factor involved in the JA pathway, showed significant upregulation”
t0“cherry tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute enhanced resistance to SA and JA pathway modulation and sustained enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- oligandrine0
- Outcome
- post-harvest fungal disease resistancee0
- Qualifier
- modulating both SA and JA pathways and sustaining elevated defense enzyme activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oligandrin enhances post-harvest fungal disease resistance by modulating both SA and JA pathways and sustaining elevated defense enzyme activity”
t0“cherry tomato”