Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBU) is among the world’s most popular and widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Despite the prevalence of the pharmaceutical drugs in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed. Seed priming with 100 μM IBU has a growth-promoting and protective effect on the growth parameters (germination energy, length, biomasses) of 5-day-old wheat plants. IBU causes accumulation of chlorophylls a and b as well as carotenoids, which increases photosynthesis. Under salinity, treatment prevents stress-induced depletion of photosynthetic pigments. The ability of drug to increase antioxidant potential of plants was found, which is reflected in the balanced generation of ROS ( $${\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bullet - }}$$ and H2O2) and activation of SOD and CAT. Under stress, IBU treatment reduced the damaging accumulation of ROS and excessive activation of enzymes, exerting a protective effect on the antioxidant system, which is confirmed by data on lipid peroxidation. For the first time, it was discovered that the growth-stimulating effect of the drug is associated with its ability to influence the content of NO. The application of cPTIO revealed the existence of NO-independent pathways to regulate growth and sustainability in IBU implemented effects.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 100 μM IBU had a growth-promoting effect on germination energy, length and biomass of 5-day-old wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivume2 - Material
- Ekada 70e2
- Organ / stage
- 5-day-old wheat plantse1
- Treatment
- Seed priming with 100 μM IBUe1
- Outcome
- growth parameters (germination energy, length, biomasses)e1
- Direction
- growth-promotinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seed priming with 100 μM IBU has a growth-promoting and protective effect on the growth parameters (germination energy, length, biomasses) of 5-day-old wheat plants”
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU increased the accumulation of chlorophylls a and b and of carotenoids in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBUe3
- Outcome
- chlorophylls a and b as well as carotenoidse3
- Direction
- accumulatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e3“IBU causes accumulation of chlorophylls a and b as well as carotenoids, which increases photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU increased photosynthesis in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBUe3
- Outcome
- photosynthesise3
- Direction
- increasese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e3“IBU causes accumulation of chlorophylls a and b as well as carotenoids, which increases photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, IBU treatment prevented the stress-induced depletion of photosynthetic pigments in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle2
- Outcome
- depletion of photosynthetic pigmentse4
- Direction
- preventse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e4“Under salinity, treatment prevents stress-induced depletion of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU increased the antioxidant potential of wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- druge5
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e5“The ability of drug to increase antioxidant potential of plants was found”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU activated SOD and CAT in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBUe2
- Gene
- SOD and CATe6
- Outcome
- activation of SOD and CATe6
- Direction
- activatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e6“activation of SOD and CAT”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU was reflected in balanced generation of ROS in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBUe2
- Outcome
- generation of ROSe7
- Direction
- balancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e7“balanced generation of ROS”
Claim · model-written summary
Under stress, IBU treatment reduced the damaging accumulation of ROS in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBU treatmente5
- Outcome
- damaging accumulation of ROSe5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e5“Under stress, IBU treatment reduced the damaging accumulation of ROS and excessive activation of enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under stress, IBU treatment reduced the excessive activation of enzymes in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBU treatmente5
- Outcome
- excessive activation of enzymese5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e5“Under stress, IBU treatment reduced the damaging accumulation of ROS and excessive activation of enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU had a protective effect on the antioxidant system of wheat plants under stress, confirmed by lipid peroxidation data.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- IBU treatmente5
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione6
- Direction
- protective effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e5“Under stress, IBU treatment reduced the damaging accumulation of ROS and excessive activation of enzymes”
e6“exerting a protective effect on the antioxidant system, which is confirmed by data on lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
The growth-stimulating effect of IBU in wheat plants is associated with its influence on NO content.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- druge3
- Compound
- NOe3
- Outcome
- growth-stimulating effecte3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e3“For the first time, it was discovered that the growth-stimulating effect of the drug is associated with its ability to influence the content of NO”
Claim · model-written summary
NO-independent pathways regulate growth and sustainability in IBU-treated wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- cPTIOe4
- Outcome
- regulate growth and sustainabilitye4
- Qualifier
- NO-independent pathwayse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In this work, the effect of IBU on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekada 70 under normal and salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed.”
e4“The application of cPTIO revealed the existence of NO-independent pathways to regulate growth and sustainability in IBU implemented effects”
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