Abstract
Palmer amaranth [ Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats] has evolved resistance to nine sites of action (SOAs) globally, leaving producers searching for effective herbicide options. Bayer CropScience has announced intentions to launch a series of Convintro™ brand herbicides, one of which will be a premixture including diflufenican, metribuzin, and flufenacet for preemergence use in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Diflufenican is a WSSA group 12 herbicide that would add a new SOA for soybean producers. With the anticipated launch of the premixture, research is needed to evaluate the potential for diflufenican carryover or tank contamination from a diflufenican premixture to injure corn, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, and soybean. Carryover experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 in Fayetteville, AR, and near Stuttgart, AR. Diflufenican was applied preplant at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 g ai ha -1 , with crops being planted after a 1.3 cm irrigation or rainfall event occurred. Injury was <10% for rice and corn, <5% for grain sorghum, and no crop response from cotton at 14 days after emergence (DAE). No detrimental effect was observed on various crops by 28 DAE. Additionally, tank contamination experiments were conducted in Arkansas in Fayetteville, near Stuttgart, near Colt, and in Keiser. A 0.17:0.35:0.48 ratio of a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture, at rates up to 103 g ai ha -1 , was applied at the 3-leaf growth stage for each crop. Injury was ≤30% for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), <20% for corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean, and <5% for grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) at 7 days after treatment (DAT). By 28 DAT, injury was <15% for cotton, <10% injury for soybean and rice, and no crop response for corn or grain sorghum. Overall, the potential for diflufenican carryover or risk of injury from sprayer contamination appears low, with no yield reductions occurring in any of the evaluated crops in either set of experiments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Carryover caused less than 10% injury in rice and corn at 14 DAE.
- Taxon
- rice and corn
Oryza sativa
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Diflufenicane1
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Value
- <10%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 days after emergence (DAE)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury was <10% for rice and corn, <5% for grain sorghum, and no crop response from cotton at 14 days after emergence (DAE).”
e1“Diflufenican was applied preplant at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 g ai ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Carryover caused less than 5% grain sorghum injury at 14 DAE.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Treatment
- Diflufenicane1
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Value
- <5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury was <10% for rice and corn, <5% for grain sorghum, and no crop response from cotton at 14 days after emergence (DAE).”
e1“Diflufenican was applied preplant at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 g ai ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton showed no crop response to carryover at 14 DAE.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Diflufenicane1
- Outcome
- crop responsee0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no crop response from cotton at 14 days after emergence (DAE)”
e1“Diflufenican was applied preplant at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 g ai ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Various crops showed no detrimental carryover effect by 28 DAE.
Verbatim
e0“No detrimental effect was observed on various crops by 28 DAE.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank contamination caused at most 30% cotton injury at 7 DAT.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixturee1
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Value
- ≤30%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury was ≤30% for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), <20% for corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean, and <5% for grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) at 7 days after treatment (DAT).”
e1“a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank contamination caused under 20% injury in corn and soybean at 7 DAT.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixturee1
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Value
- <20%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury was ≤30% for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), <20% for corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean, and <5% for grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) at 7 days after treatment (DAT).”
e1“a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank contamination caused under 5% injury in sorghum and rice at 7 DAT.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixturee1
- Outcome
- Injurye0
- Value
- <5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury was ≤30% for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), <20% for corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean, and <5% for grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) at 7 days after treatment (DAT).”
e1“a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture”
Claim · model-written summary
By 28 DAT, tank contamination caused under 15% cotton injury.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixturee1
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- <15%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 28 DAT, injury was <15% for cotton, <10% injury for soybean and rice, and no crop response for corn or grain sorghum.”
e1“a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture”
Claim · model-written summary
By 28 DAT, tank contamination caused under 10% soybean and rice injury.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixturee1
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- <10%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 28 DAT, injury was <15% for cotton, <10% injury for soybean and rice, and no crop response for corn or grain sorghum.”
e1“a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture”
Claim · model-written summary
By 28 DAT, corn and grain sorghum showed no tank contamination response.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixturee1
- Outcome
- crop responsee0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no crop response for corn or grain sorghum”
e1“a diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet premixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither experiment caused yield reductions in any evaluated crop.
Verbatim
e0“no yield reductions occurring in any of the evaluated crops in either set of experiments”
The same questions in other papers
metribuzin · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →metribuzin · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
metribuzin · crop injury · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
flufenacet · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.