Abstract
Abstract An experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 near Rocky Mount and Clayton, NC, to evaluate residual herbicide-coated fertilizer for cotton tolerance and Palmer amaranth control. Treatments included acetochlor, atrazine, dimethenamid- P , diuron, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluridone, fomesafen, linuron, metribuzin, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone, S -metolachlor, and sulfentrazone. Each herbicide was individually coated on granular ammonium sulfate (AMS) and top-dressed at 321 kg ha −1 (67 kg N ha −1 ) onto 5- to 7-leaf cotton. The check plots received the equivalent rate of nonherbicide-treated AMS. Before top-dress, all plots (including the check) were treated with glyphosate and glufosinate to control previously emerged weeds. All herbicides except metribuzin resulted in transient cotton injury. Cotton response to metribuzin varied by year and location. In 2022, metribuzin caused 11% to 39% and 8% to 17% injury at the Clayton and Rocky Mount locations, respectively. In 2023, metribuzin caused 13% to 32% injury at Clayton and 73% to 84% injury at Rocky Mount. Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%. Pendimethalin and fluometuron were the least effective treatments, resulting in 58% and 62% control, respectively. As anticipated, early season metribuzin injury translated into yield loss; plots treated with metribuzin yielded 640 kg ha −1 and were comparable to yields after linuron (790 kg ha −1 ) was used. These findings suggest that with the exception of metribuzin, residual herbicides coated onto AMS may be suitable and effective in cotton production, providing growers with additional modes of action for late-season control of multiple herbicide–resistant Palmer amaranth.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
All tested herbicides except metribuzin caused transient cotton injury.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- cotton injurye0
- Qualifier
- transiente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides except metribuzin resulted in transient cotton injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton response to metribuzin varied by year and location.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- response to metribuzine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton response to metribuzin varied by year and location.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin caused 11% to 39% cotton injury at Clayton in 2022.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- 11% to 39%e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
- Setting
- Claytone0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2022, metribuzin caused 11% to 39% and 8% to 17% injury at the Clayton and Rocky Mount locations, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin caused 8% to 17% cotton injury at Rocky Mount in 2022.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- 8% to 17%e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
- Setting
- Rocky Mounte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2022, metribuzin caused 11% to 39% and 8% to 17% injury at the Clayton and Rocky Mount locations, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin caused 13% to 32% cotton injury at Clayton in 2023.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- 13% to 32%e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
- Setting
- Claytone0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2023, metribuzin caused 13% to 32% injury at Clayton and 73% to 84% injury at Rocky Mount.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin caused 73% to 84% cotton injury at Rocky Mount in 2023.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- 73% to 84%e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
- Setting
- Rocky Mounte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2023, metribuzin caused 13% to 32% injury at Clayton and 73% to 84% injury at Rocky Mount.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone controlled Palmer amaranth by 91%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfonee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 91%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone plus carfentrazone controlled Palmer amaranth by 89%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone + carfentrazonee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 89%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen controlled Palmer amaranth by 87%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- fomesafene0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 87%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone controlled Palmer amaranth by 86%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin controlled Palmer amaranth by 86%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine controlled Palmer amaranth by 85%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥85%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin controlled Palmer amaranth by 58%, among the least effective treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethaline0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 58%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin and fluometuron were the least effective treatments, resulting in 58% and 62% control, respectively.”
e1“Palmer amaranth ≥85%”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluometuron controlled Palmer amaranth by 62%, among the least effective treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- fluometurone0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 62%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin and fluometuron were the least effective treatments, resulting in 58% and 62% control, respectively.”
e1“Palmer amaranth ≥85%”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin injury translated into cotton yield loss, with treated plots yielding 640 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 640 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early season metribuzin injury translated into yield loss; plots treated with metribuzin yielded 640 kg ha −1”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Linuron-treated cotton yielded 790 kg ha −1, comparable to metribuzin-treated plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- linurone0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 790 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- metribuzine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were comparable to yields after linuron (790 kg ha −1 ) was used.”
e1“plots treated with metribuzin yielded 640 kg ha −1”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest herbicides other than metribuzin coated on AMS may suit cotton production and control resistant Palmer amaranth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- residual herbicides coated onto AMSe0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- suitable and effective in cotton productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the exception of metribuzin, residual herbicides coated onto AMS may be suitable and effective in cotton production, providing growers with additional modes of action for late-season control of multiple herbicide–resistant Palmer amaranth.”
The same questions in other papers
flumioxazin · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →fomesafen · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →pendimethalin · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →fluometuron · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →carfentrazone · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
pyroxasulfone · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
metribuzin · crop injury · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Fluridone · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.