Abstract
Solid chemical fertilizers are generally used for yield and quality in plant production. However, plants cannot benefit sufficiently from the nutrients in solid fertilizers. This study was conducted to determine the effects of liquid fertilizer applications versus conventional solid fertilizer applications on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and some yield parameters. In the study, 13–24–12+ (10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn), 15–15–15 and Di Ammonium Phosphate- DAP (18–46–0) compound fertilizers and Urea were used as solid chemical fertilizers. As liquid fertilizers, orthophosphate and polyphosphate based liquid base fertilizers (liquid 13–24–12 + 10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn, liquid 15–15–15 and liquid DAP) were developed and used. Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN-32% N) was used for the top fertilization of maize. In the research, 3 different field trials were conducted as 13–24–12+ (10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn), 15–15–15 and DAP compound fertilizer trials. There were 5 subjects in each trial and the trials were conducted in a randomized block design with 3 replications. As a result of the research; the highest yields were obtained from liquid fertilizers containing P in the form of polyphosphate in both years compared to conventional solid fertilizers. On the basis of years; polyphosphate liquid 13–24–12+(10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn) + UAN application increased maize grain yield by 25–17% compared to conventional solid fertilizer (solid 13–24–12+(10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn) + Urea) application. Polyphosphate liquid 15–15–15+UAN application increased maize grain yield by 20–26% compared to conventional solid fertilizer (solid 15–15–15+Urea) application. Similarly, polyphosphate liquid DAP+UAN application increased maize grain yield by 22–19%. In all three trials, liquid UAN fertilizer increased maize grain yield compared to solid urea fertilizer.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphosphate liquid 13–24–12+ with UAN increased maize grain yield by 25–17% relative to solid 13–24–12+ with urea.
- Treatment
- polyphosphate liquid 13–24–12+(10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn) + UAN applicatione1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 25–17%e1
- Comparator
- solid 13–24–12+(10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn) + Ureae1
- Setting
- field trialse2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“polyphosphate liquid 13–24–12+(10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn) + UAN application increased maize grain yield by 25–17% compared to conventional solid fertilizer (solid 13–24–12+(10% SO3, 1% Fe, 1% Zn) + Urea) application”
e2“3 different field trials were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphosphate liquid 15–15–15+UAN increased maize grain yield by 20–26% relative to solid 15–15–15+urea.
- Treatment
- Polyphosphate liquid 15–15–15+UAN applicatione3
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 20–26%e3
- Comparator
- solid 15–15–15+Ureae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Polyphosphate liquid 15–15–15+UAN application increased maize grain yield by 20–26% compared to conventional solid fertilizer (solid 15–15–15+Urea) application”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphosphate liquid DAP with UAN increased maize grain yield by 22–19%.
- Treatment
- polyphosphate liquid DAP+UAN applicatione4
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 22–19%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Similarly, polyphosphate liquid DAP+UAN application increased maize grain yield by 22–19%”
Claim · model-written summary
In all three trials, liquid UAN fertilizer increased maize grain yield compared with solid urea fertilizer.
- Treatment
- liquid UAN fertilizere5
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- solid urea fertilizere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In all three trials, liquid UAN fertilizer increased maize grain yield compared to solid urea fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yields were obtained from liquid fertilizers containing polyphosphate-form P compared with conventional solid fertilizers, in both years.
- Treatment
- liquid fertilizers containing P in the form of polyphosphatee6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Qualifier
- in both yearse6
- Comparator
- conventional solid fertilizerse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the highest yields were obtained from liquid fertilizers containing P in the form of polyphosphate in both years compared to conventional solid fertilizers”
t0“Yield and Yield Components of Maize”
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