Abstract
No‐till production of corn ( Zea mays L.) often gives slower early plant growth, lower yields, and reduced profitability in the northern Corn Belt. The objective of this field experiment was to determine if N source/placement method and row cleaner and starter fertilizer use on high‐phosphorus testing soils would enhance no‐till production of continuous corn (CC) and corn after soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CSb). Experiments were conducted for each cropping system on a tile‐drained Nicollet–Webster clay loam complex (fine‐loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludoll and fine loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll, respectively) from 1996 to 1998. A 2 3 factorial design included combinations of with or without row cleaners, 0.0 or 93.5 L ha −1 (0 or 10 gal acre −1 ) of 10–15–0 starter fertilizer, and N sources anhydrous ammonia (AA) or spoke‐injected urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN). A preplant broadcast application of UAN plus N‐(n‐butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) also was compared with spoke‐injected UAN. Averaged across 3 yr, surface residue coverage during the growing season remained >60% for CC and >40% for CSb for all treatments, but was about 8% lower with knife application of AA compared with spoke‐injecting UAN. Grain yields were not affected by N source. Yield response to starter fertilizer depended on N source and row cleaners. Continuous corn responded to starter fertilizer (0.5 Mg ha −1 or 7 bu acre −1 ) when AA was used, but not when UAN was used. Yields of CSb were increased 0.5 Mg ha −1 (8 bu acre −1 ) by starter fertilizer when row cleaners were not used, but by only 0.2 Mg ha −1 (3 bu acre −1 ) when row cleaners were used. Injecting UAN increased CC and CSb yields 0.7 Mg ha −1 (10 bu acre −1 ) and 0.4 Mg ha −1 (6 bu acre −1 ), respectively, compared with preplant broadcasting of UAN plus NBPT. The data suggest that no‐till corn yields on fine‐textured, high P testing soils can be enhanced most consistently by using starter fertilizer and by injecting N below the soil surface.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Residue coverage stayed above 60% in continuous corn and 40% in corn after soybean.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- surface residue coveragee0
- Value
- >60% for CC and >40% for CSbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“surface residue coverage during the growing season remained >60% for CC and >40% for CSb for all treatments”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Knife application of anhydrous ammonia lowered residue coverage about 8% against spoke injected UAN.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- knife application of AAe0
- Outcome
- surface residue coveragee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- about 8%e0
- Comparator
- spoke‐injecting UANe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“surface residue coverage during the growing season remained >60% for CC and >40% for CSb for all treatments, but was about 8% lower with knife application of AA compared with spoke‐injecting UAN”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen source did not affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- N sourcee0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were not affected by N source”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous corn starter fertilizer raised yield by 0.5 Mg ha −1 under AA.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- respondede0
- Value
- 0.5 Mg ha −1 or 7 bu acre −1e0
- Qualifier
- when AA was usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield response to starter fertilizer depended on N source and row cleaners. Continuous corn responded to starter fertilizer (0.5 Mg ha −1 or 7 bu acre −1 ) when AA was used, but not when UAN was used”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous corn did not respond to starter fertilizer with UAN.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- not when UAN was usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield response to starter fertilizer depended on N source and row cleaners. Continuous corn responded to starter fertilizer (0.5 Mg ha −1 or 7 bu acre −1 ) when AA was used, but not when UAN was used”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer increased corn after soybean yield by 0.5 Mg ha −1 without row cleaners.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Yields of CSbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5 Mg ha −1 (8 bu acre −1 )e0
- Qualifier
- row cleaners were not usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of CSb were increased 0.5 Mg ha −1 (8 bu acre −1 ) by starter fertilizer when row cleaners were not used”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer increased corn after soybean yield by 0.2 Mg ha −1 with row cleaners.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Yields of CSbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.2 Mg ha −1 (3 bu acre −1 )e0
- Qualifier
- row cleaners were usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of CSb were increased 0.5 Mg ha −1 (8 bu acre −1 ) by starter fertilizer when row cleaners were not used, but by only 0.2 Mg ha −1 (3 bu acre −1 ) when row cleaners were used”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Injecting UAN raised continuous corn yield by 0.7 Mg ha −1 compared with preplant broadcasting.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Injecting UANe0
- Outcome
- CC and CSb yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.7 Mg ha −1 (10 bu acre −1 )e0
- Comparator
- preplant broadcasting of UAN plus NBPTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injecting UAN increased CC and CSb yields 0.7 Mg ha −1 (10 bu acre −1 ) and 0.4 Mg ha −1 (6 bu acre −1 ), respectively, compared with preplant broadcasting of UAN plus NBPT”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Injecting UAN raised corn after soybean yield by 0.4 Mg ha −1 compared with preplant broadcasting.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Injecting UANe0
- Outcome
- CC and CSb yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.4 Mg ha −1 (6 bu acre −1 )e0
- Comparator
- preplant broadcasting of UAN plus NBPTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injecting UAN increased CC and CSb yields 0.7 Mg ha −1 (10 bu acre −1 ) and 0.4 Mg ha −1 (6 bu acre −1 ), respectively, compared with preplant broadcasting of UAN plus NBPT”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend starter fertilizer and below surface nitrogen injection for consistent no till corn yield enhancement.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- using starter fertilizer and by injecting N below the soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no‐till corn yields on fine‐textured, high P testing soils can be enhanced most consistently by using starter fertilizer and by injecting N below the soil surface”
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