Abstract
Eggplant root rot is a serious disease affecting crop production in Babylon Province, prompting this study to investigate the incidence, causal fungi, and potential biological control methods. The results from the surveyed fields revealed that eggplant root rot was present in all regions surveyed, with infection rates ranging from 20% to 100% and infection severity ranging from 5% to 60%. Several fungi were isolated from the roots of eggplants affected by root rot. The majority of isolates belonged to Fusarium solani, which was found in 7 areas of the surveyed field with an incidence rate of 74.14%, followed by Rhizoctonia solani with an incidence rate of 36.2%. Pathogenicity tests showed that these fungal isolates infected eggplant seeds. The study also showed that Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited the growth of both R. solani and F. solani on PDA medium, with the inhibition rate reaching 100%. Furthermore, the addition of chitosan to the culture medium at all tested concentrations also inhibited the growth of both fungi. At concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, the inhibition rate was particularly high, and the inhibitory effect of chitosan increased with rising concentration. Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that all treatments, including P. fluorescens, chitosan, and their combination, significantly reduced both the infection rate and the severity of root rot. Moreover, these treatments contributed to improved growth parameters of the eggplant plants. These findings demonstrate that P. fluorescens and chitosan, alone or combined, effectively control eggplant root rot and enhance plant growth in Babylon Province.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant root rot occurred in every surveyed region.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Outcome
- root rot was present in all regions surveyede0
- Setting
- Babylon Provincee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eggplant root rot was present in all regions surveyed, with infection rates ranging from 20% to 100% and infection severity ranging from 5% to 60%.”
e1“production in Babylon Province”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant root rot infection rates ranged from 20% to 100%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- infection ratese0
- Value
- 20% to 100%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eggplant root rot was present in all regions surveyed, with infection rates ranging from 20% to 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant root rot severity ranged from 5% to 60%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- infection severitye0
- Value
- 5% to 60%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eggplant root rot was present in all regions surveyed, with infection rates ranging from 20% to 100% and infection severity ranging from 5% to 60%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani was the majority eggplant root isolate, found in seven areas at 74.14% incidence.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium solanie0
- Value
- 74.14%e0
- Qualifier
- 7 arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The majority of isolates belonged to Fusarium solani, which was found in 7 areas of the surveyed field with an incidence rate of 74.14%”
e1“roots of eggplants affected by root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani had 36.2% incidence among fungi isolated from affected eggplant roots.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia solanie0
- Value
- 36.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Rhizoctonia solani with an incidence rate of 36.2%.”
e1“roots of eggplants affected by root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolated fungi infected eggplant seeds in pathogenicity tests.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- infected eggplant seedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests showed that these fungal isolates infected eggplant seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited Rhizoctonia solani growth completely on PDA.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescense0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth of both R. solani and F. solanie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited the growth of both R. solani and F. solani on PDA medium, with the inhibition rate reaching 100%.”
e1“Eggplant root rot is a serious disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited Fusarium solani growth completely on PDA.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescense0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of both R. solani and F. solanie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited the growth of both R. solani and F. solani on PDA medium, with the inhibition rate reaching 100%.”
e1“Eggplant root rot is a serious disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan inhibited growth of both root rot fungi at all tested concentrations, increasingly as concentration rose.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Outcome
- growth of both fungie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 5%, 10%, and 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of chitosan to the culture medium at all tested concentrations also inhibited the growth of both fungi. At concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, the inhibition rate was particularly high, and the inhibitory effect of chitosan increased with rising concentration.”
e1“Eggplant root rot is a serious disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly reduced eggplant root rot infection rate and severity.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infection rate and the severity of root rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that all treatments, including P. fluorescens, chitosan, and their combination, significantly reduced both the infection rate and the severity of root rot.”
e1“eggplant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse chitosan significantly reduced eggplant root rot infection rate and severity.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Outcome
- infection rate and the severity of root rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that all treatments, including P. fluorescens, chitosan, and their combination, significantly reduced both the infection rate and the severity of root rot.”
e1“eggplant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse combination treatment significantly reduced eggplant root rot infection rate and severity.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- infection rate and the severity of root rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that all treatments, including P. fluorescens, chitosan, and their combination, significantly reduced both the infection rate and the severity of root rot.”
e1“eggplant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The greenhouse treatments improved eggplant growth parameters.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments contributed to improved growth parameters of the eggplant plants.”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chitosan · growth · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.