Abstract
This study evaluated seed treatment with emamectin benzoate, fosthiazate, and thiacloprid as an alternative to soil application for managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions (30 ± 5°C). Pesticides were applied at 200, 400, 600, and 1000 ppm, and effects on seed viability, vegetative growth (germination, shoot, and root length), and nematode development were assessed at 7, 14, and 21 days. Emamectin benzoate exhibited the least phytotoxicity, maintaining up to 100% germination at 400 ppm in clay soil, with shoot/root lengths significantly greater than other treatments. Thiacloprid caused the greatest reductions in germination (down to 20% at 600 ppm in clay) and growth, especially in sandy soil. Nematode infestation parameters (nematode count, gall and egg mass numbers) were significantly suppressed by emamectin benzoate, which reduced nematode numbers by 49.13%, galls by 73.85%, and egg masses by 31.55% at 1000 ppm in clay soil. Fosthiazate showed moderate control, while thiacloprid was least effective. Nematode reproduction factor (RF) values were consistently lower in clay soil, with emamectin benzoate reducing RF from 2.34 to 1.75 at 7 days (200 to 1000 ppm). Sandy soil exhibited higher nematode pressure and reduced pesticide efficacy, likely due to leaching. Statistical analysis confirmed significant interactions between soil type, pesticide, and concentration. Overall, emamectin benzoate is recommended for nematode management in tomato, particularly at higher doses and in clay soils, to optimize both nematode suppression and seedling growth .
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate exhibited the least phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye1
- Direction
- leaste1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Emamectin benzoate exhibited the least phytotoxicity, maintaining up to 100% germination at 400 ppm in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate maintained up to 100% germination at 400 ppm in clay soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- maintaininge1
- Value
- up to 100%e1
- Qualifier
- 400 ppme1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Emamectin benzoate exhibited the least phytotoxicity, maintaining up to 100% germination at 400 ppm in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiacloprid reduced germination to as low as 20% at 600 ppm in clay.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Thiaclopride1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Value
- down to 20%e1
- Setting
- claye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Thiacloprid caused the greatest reductions in germination (down to 20% at 600 ppm in clay) and growth, especially in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiacloprid reduced growth, especially in sandy soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Thiaclopride1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Setting
- sandy soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Thiacloprid caused the greatest reductions in germination (down to 20% at 600 ppm in clay) and growth, especially in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate reduced nematode numbers by 49.13% at 1000 ppm in clay soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- nematode numberse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 49.13%e1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants”
e1“Nematode infestation parameters (nematode count, gall and egg mass numbers) were significantly suppressed by emamectin benzoate, which reduced nematode numbers by 49.13%, galls by 73.85%, and egg masses by 31.55% at 1000 ppm in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate reduced galls by 73.85% at 1000 ppm in clay soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- gallse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 73.85%e1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants”
e1“Nematode infestation parameters (nematode count, gall and egg mass numbers) were significantly suppressed by emamectin benzoate, which reduced nematode numbers by 49.13%, galls by 73.85%, and egg masses by 31.55% at 1000 ppm in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate reduced egg masses by 31.55% at 1000 ppm in clay soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- egg massese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 31.55%e1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants”
e1“Nematode infestation parameters (nematode count, gall and egg mass numbers) were significantly suppressed by emamectin benzoate, which reduced nematode numbers by 49.13%, galls by 73.85%, and egg masses by 31.55% at 1000 ppm in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosthiazate showed moderate nematode control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Fosthiazatee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- moderatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants”
e1“Fosthiazate showed moderate control, while thiacloprid was least effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiacloprid was the least effective nematode control agent.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- thiaclopride1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- least effectivee1
- Comparator
- Fosthiazatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants”
e1“Fosthiazate showed moderate control, while thiacloprid was least effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandy soil exhibited higher nematode pressure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Sandy soile1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- nematode pressuree1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils”
e1“Sandy soil exhibited higher nematode pressure and reduced pesticide efficacy, likely due to leaching”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandy soil reduced pesticide efficacy, likely due to leaching.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Sandy soile1
- Outcome
- pesticide efficacye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- likely due to leachinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils”
e1“Sandy soil exhibited higher nematode pressure and reduced pesticide efficacy, likely due to leaching”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode reproduction factor values were consistently lower in clay soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- clay soile1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- Nematode reproduction factor (RF) valuese1
- Direction
- consistently lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils”
e1“Nematode reproduction factor (RF) values were consistently lower in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate reduced the nematode reproduction factor from 2.34 to 1.75 at 7 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- RFe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- from 2.34 to 1.75e1
- Qualifier
- at 7 days (200 to 1000 ppm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants”
e1“emamectin benzoate reducing RF from 2.34 to 1.75 at 7 days (200 to 1000 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root lengths under emamectin benzoate were significantly greater than under other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee1
- Outcome
- shoot/root lengthse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- other treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Emamectin benzoate exhibited the least phytotoxicity”
e2“with shoot/root lengths significantly greater than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Statistical analysis confirmed significant interactions between soil type, pesticide and concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil type, pesticide, and concentratione1
- Outcome
- interactionse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Statistical analysis confirmed significant interactions between soil type, pesticide, and concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate is recommended for nematode management in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee1
- Outcome
- nematode managemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grown in clay and sandy soils under greenhouse conditions”
e1“emamectin benzoate is recommended for nematode management in tomato”
The same questions in other papers
thiacloprid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
thiacloprid · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
emamectin benzoate · crop injury · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
emamectin benzoate · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fosthiazate · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.