Abstract
This study investigated the dynamic changes in the chemical compounds and biological activity of essential oils (EOs) during the germination of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. seeds. Seed germination was divided into four stages: dormant stage (DS), initial germination stage (IGS), middle germination stage (MGS), and end germination stage (EGS). A total of 100 EO compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, among which sesquiterpenes and oxidized sesquiterpenes had the highest content. Endogenous inhibitors such as organic acids gradually decreased during seed germination, while allelochemicals peaked at the MGS, enhancing seeds' competitiveness. The antioxidant activity of EOs was the highest in DS and gradually reduced in the later stage. The EOs of the seeds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Correlation analysis showed that there were complex interactions between EO compounds and biological activities. These results provide data support for a deep understanding of the role of EOs in the germination of S. sphenanthera seed and also provide a reference for the utilization and protection of germplasm resources for subsequent research.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
One hundred seed essential oil compounds were identified.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenanthera
.jpg?width=60)
Schisandra sphenantherat0 - Outcome
- EO compoundse0
- Value
- 100e0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“A total of 100 EO compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesquiterpenes and oxidized sesquiterpenes had the highest content.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Outcome
- sesquiterpenes and oxidized sesquiterpenes had the highest contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“sesquiterpenes and oxidized sesquiterpenes had the highest content”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous organic-acid inhibitors gradually decreased during seed germination.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Organ / stage
- seed germinatione0
- Outcome
- Endogenous inhibitors such as organic acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“Endogenous inhibitors such as organic acids gradually decreased during seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemicals peaked at the middle germination stage.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Organ / stage
- MGSe0
- Outcome
- allelochemicalse0
- Direction
- peakede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“allelochemicals peaked at the MGS, enhancing seeds' competitiveness”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity of essential oils was highest in dormant seeds and decreased later.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Organ / stage
- DSe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity of EOse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“antioxidant activity of EOs was the highest in DS and gradually reduced in the later stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oils inhibited Bacillus subtilis.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0other - Outcome
- antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“EOs of the seeds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oils inhibited Bacillus cereus.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereuse0other - Outcome
- antibacterial activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“EOs of the seeds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oils inhibited Enterococcus faecalis.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Interactor
- Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalise0other - Outcome
- antibacterial activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“EOs of the seeds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil compounds correlated with biological activities in complex ways.
- Taxon
- Schisandra sphenantheraSchisandra sphenantherat0
- Compound
- EO compoundse0
- Outcome
- biological activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Schisandra sphenanthera”
e0“there were complex interactions between EO compounds and biological activities”