Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Kirkuk Governorate in a silty loam soil with the aim of studying the effect of irrigation interval, foliar application of potassium sulfate and proline, and the interaction between these factors on the growth and development of maize plants (Zea mays L.). The experiment included four irrigation intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 days), and three concentrations of both potassium sulfate (K⁺ 41.5%) and proline: (0, 2500, and 5000 mg·L⁻¹) and (0, 100, and 200 mg·L⁻¹), respectively. These treatments were applied as foliar sprays in three replications for each treatment using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). The potassium sulfate and proline sprays were applied 30 days after seed germination, with a second spray 30 days after the first. The results showed that increasing the irrigation interval significantly reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content index, grain potassium content, grain protein content, and grain yield compared to the control treatment (4-day interval). Foliar spraying with potassium sulfate at a concentration of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ significantly improved all growth and yield parameters. Spraying with proline at 200 mg·L⁻¹ significantly increased leaf area, grain potassium content, and grain protein content. The interaction between the 4-day irrigation interval and potassium sulfate at 5000 mg·L⁻¹ led to a significant increase in all studied traits. The combination of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline resulted in significant increases in chlorophyll content index, grain potassium, and protein content. The treatment with a 4-day irrigation interval and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline also significantly increased leaf area, grain potassium, and protein content. Additionally, the interaction between a 4-day irrigation interval and foliar application of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 100 mg·L⁻¹ proline resulted in a significant increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content index. The combination of a 4-day irrigation interval and foliar application of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline produced the highest values for grain potassium and protein content.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Longer irrigation intervals reduced leaf area, chlorophyll index, grain potassium, protein, and yield versus four days.
- Treatment
- increasing the irrigation intervale0
- Outcome
- leaf area, chlorophyll content index, grain potassium content, grain protein content, and grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control treatment (4-day interval)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“increasing the irrigation interval significantly reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content index, grain potassium content, grain protein content, and grain yield compared to the control treatment (4-day interval)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulfate at 5000 mg·L⁻¹ improved all growth and yield parameters.
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with potassium sulfate at a concentration of 5000 mg·L⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- all growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“Foliar spraying with potassium sulfate at a concentration of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ significantly improved all growth and yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline at 200 mg·L⁻¹ increased leaf area, grain potassium and protein.
- Treatment
- Spraying with proline at 200 mg·L⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- leaf area, grain potassium content, and grain protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“Spraying with proline at 200 mg·L⁻¹ significantly increased leaf area, grain potassium content, and grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Four day irrigation with potassium sulfate at 5000 mg·L⁻¹ increased all studied traits.
- Treatment
- 4-day irrigation interval and potassium sulfate at 5000 mg·L⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- all studied traitse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“the 4-day irrigation interval and potassium sulfate at 5000 mg·L⁻¹ led to a significant increase in all studied traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulfate and proline together increased chlorophyll index, grain potassium and protein.
- Treatment
- 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ prolinee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content index, grain potassium, and protein contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline resulted in significant increases in chlorophyll content index, grain potassium, and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Four day irrigation plus 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline increased leaf area and grain potassium and protein.
- Treatment
- 4-day irrigation interval and 200 mg·L⁻¹ prolinee0
- Outcome
- leaf area, grain potassium, and protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“a 4-day irrigation interval and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline also significantly increased leaf area, grain potassium, and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Four day irrigation plus potassium sulfate and 100 mg·L⁻¹ proline increased leaf area and chlorophyll index.
- Treatment
- 4-day irrigation interval and foliar application of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 100 mg·L⁻¹ prolinee0
- Outcome
- leaf area and chlorophyll content indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“a 4-day irrigation interval and foliar application of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 100 mg·L⁻¹ proline resulted in a significant increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content index”
Claim · model-written summary
Four day irrigation plus potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline yielded the highest grain potassium and protein.
- Treatment
- 4-day irrigation interval and foliar application of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ prolinee0
- Outcome
- grain potassium and protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Performance”
e0“a 4-day irrigation interval and foliar application of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ potassium sulfate and 200 mg·L⁻¹ proline produced the highest values for grain potassium and protein content”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 62 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.