Abstract
Plant-beneficial microbes are a perennial ally in an agroecosystems, providing multiple benefits to crop plants. The present study explored the potential of two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In vitro, MBCAs resulted in significant inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, as evidenced through the distortion of pathogen cell morphology and formation of a pathogen biofilm. Pot studies on the effect of MBCAs in rice showed increased germination, increased vigor index of seedlings, increased tiller numbers, a 10.29% reduction in percentage disease incidence (PDI), and low disease severity following individual inoculation. Activity of plant defense enzymes also increased with MBCA treatment (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 2.7-fold increase; peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, 5-fold increase), establishing the priming effect of MBCAs on host defense. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction data revealed that pathogenesis-related genes (OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR10a) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae resistance genes (Xa1 and Xa26) were upregulated 4- to 14-fold in MBCA-treated rice plants over control plants. These results provide insights into the phenological, physiological, and molecular responses of rice crops treated with MBCAs in the presence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae and could be used to develop an effective field management strategy.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
MBCAs significantly inhibited Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- MBCAse1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee2pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Trichoderma asperellume2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzaee1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Setting
- In vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“In vitro, MBCAs resulted in significant inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, as evidenced through the distortion of pathogen cell morphology and formation of a pathogen biofilm”
e2“two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA treatment increased germination of rice in pot studies.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pot studies on the effect of MBCAs in rice showed increased germination, increased vigor index of seedlings, increased tiller numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA treatment increased the vigor index of rice seedlings in pot studies.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- MBCAse3
- Outcome
- vigor index of seedlingse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- Pot studiese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pot studies on the effect of MBCAs in rice showed increased germination, increased vigor index of seedlings, increased tiller numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA treatment increased tiller numbers of rice in pot studies.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- MBCAse3
- Outcome
- tiller numberse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- Pot studiese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pot studies on the effect of MBCAs in rice showed increased germination, increased vigor index of seedlings, increased tiller numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA treatment reduced percentage disease incidence of bacterial blight in rice by 10.29%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- MBCAse3
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescensTrichoderma asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage disease incidence (PDI)e4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 10.29%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e3“Pot studies on the effect of MBCAs in rice showed increased germination, increased vigor index of seedlings, increased tiller numbers”
e4“a 10.29% reduction in percentage disease incidence (PDI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual MBCA inoculation resulted in low disease severity of bacterial blight in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- individual inoculatione5
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e5“and low disease severity following individual inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA treatment increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity 2.7-fold in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- MBCA treatmente6
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 2.7-fold increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e6“Activity of plant defense enzymes also increased with MBCA treatment (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 2.7-fold increase; peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, 5-fold increase)”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA treatment increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity 5-fold in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- MBCA treatmente6
- Outcome
- peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 5-fold increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e6“Activity of plant defense enzymes also increased with MBCA treatment (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 2.7-fold increase; peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, 5-fold increase)”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCAs prime host defense in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- MBCAse7
- Outcome
- host defensee7
- Qualifier
- priming effecte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“two microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs), viz., Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, against the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e7“establishing the priming effect of MBCAs on host defense”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA-treated rice upregulated pathogenesis-related genes 4- to 14-fold relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MBCA-treatede0
- Interactor
- X. oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen
- Gene
- OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR10ae0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 4- to 14-folde0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pathogenesis-related genes (OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR10a) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae resistance genes (Xa1 and Xa26) were upregulated 4- to 14-fold in MBCA-treated rice plants over control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCA-treated rice upregulated resistance genes Xa1 and Xa26 4- to 14-fold relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MBCA-treatede0
- Interactor
- X. oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen
- Gene
- Xa1 and Xa26e0
- Outcome
- resistance genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 4- to 14-folde0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pathogenesis-related genes (OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR10a) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae resistance genes (Xa1 and Xa26) were upregulated 4- to 14-fold in MBCA-treated rice plants over control plants”
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